The nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) comprises a family of transcription factors involved in the
regulation of a wide variety of biological responses. NF-kB plays a well-known function in …

Four different genetic abnormalities may occur in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the
endometrium (mircosatellite instability and mutations in the PTEN, k-RAS and β-catenin …

In this review, we sought to address 2 important issues in the diagnosis of endometrial
carcinoma: how to grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas and how to incorporate the …

A European consensus conference on endometrial carcinoma was held in 2014 to produce
multi-disciplinary evidence-based guidelines on selected questions. Given the large body of …

Background: Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 gene may be responsible for almost half of
inherited breast carcinomas. However, somatic (acquired) mutations in BRCA1 have not …

Background Women with HER2–overexpressing breast cancers have poor prognosis, and
many are resistant to the HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. A subgroup of HER2 …

Introduction Many advances in the understanding of the pathologic and molecular features
of endometrial cancer have occurred since the FIGO staging was last updated in 2009 …

Background Cancer of unknown primary ranks in the top ten cancer presentations and has
an extremely poor prognosis. Identification of the primary tumour and development of a …

It has recently been suggested that silencing of the hMLH1 gene by promoter
hypermethylation is the mechanism underlying the presence of the microsatellite instability …

Mutations in the BRAF gene have recently been detected in a wide range of neoplastic
lesions with a particularly high prevalence in melanoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma …