Regular ArticlesX-Inactivation Patterns in Human Embryonic and Extra-embryonic Tissues
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Cited by (46)
Reproductive risks and preimplantation genetic testing intervention for X–autosome translocation carriers
2021, Reproductive BioMedicine OnlineCitation Excerpt :It remains challenging for geneticists to provide genetic counselling when evaluating the XCI pattern in the preimplantation and prenatal diagnosis of t(X-A) carrier embryos. First, the XCI pattern of extra-embryonic tissues does not reflect the pattern of embryonic tissues (Zeng and Yankowitz, 2003). Moreover, random XCI of the inner cell mass occurs after the blastocyst has implanted in the uterus (Okamoto et al., 2011; Sado and Ferguson-Smith, 2005; Wutz 2011).
X-chromosome inactivation in monkey embryos and pluripotent stem cells
2012, Developmental BiologyNutrition and human health from a sex-gender perspective
2011, Molecular Aspects of MedicineCitation Excerpt :Maternal nutrition is also likely to have an important effect on epigenetic mechanisms within the placenta (Gheorghe et al., 2009); epigenetic control of placental gene expression and function is an additional potential “nutrient sensor” mechanism. In human female placenta, X inactivation is either random or skewed (Looijenga et al., 1999; Zeng and Yankowitz, 2003). Importantly, the placenta is the only tissue that can globally reactivate the inactive X chromosome in vitro at a specific gestational time point (Migeon et al., 2005).
Review: Sex and the Human Placenta: Mediating Differential Strategies of Fetal Growth and Survival
2010, PlacentaCitation Excerpt :From detailed mouse studies it has been demonstrated that the placenta preferentially inactivates the paternal X chromosome [19]. However humans are different from mice as Looijenga et al. (1999) and Zeng and Yankowitz (2003) have shown that both random and skewed patterns of X inactivation exist in the female human placenta [20,21]. Furthermore the placenta is the only tissue known to be able to globally reactivate the inactive X chromosome in vitro at the specific gestational time points of early gestation and at term [22].
Review: Sex Chromosome Evolution and the Expression of Sex-Specific Genes in the Placenta
2010, PlacentaCitation Excerpt :However, whether the paternal X is preferentially inactivated in the human placenta has been very controversial. Although early observations were interpreted as paternal inactivation [45,46], others observed randomness [47–49]. Migeon et al. [23,50] have shown that at least some loci are actually 2X active in human chorionic villi, and Cotton et al. [51] reported inactive X-specific loss of methylation in the placenta.
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To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Dept OB/GYN, University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1080, USA. Tel.: 319-356-2574; Fax: 319-353-6759; E-mail:[email protected]