Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90626-2

Cell

Volume 75, Issue 7, 31 December 1993, Pages 1401-1416

https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90626-2 Get rights and content

Abstract

The zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) is a region at the posterior margin of the limb bud that induces mirror-image duplications when grafted to the anterior of a second limb. We have isolated a vertebrate gene, Sonic hedgehog, related to the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog, which is expressed specifically in the ZPA and in other regions of the embryo, that is capable of polarizing limbs in grafting experiments. Retinoic acid, which can convert anterior limb bud tissue into tissue with polarizing activity, concomitantly induces Sonic hedgehog expression in the anterior limb bud. Implanting cells that express Sonic hedgehog into anterior limb buds is sufficient to cause ZPA-like limb duplications. Like the ZPA, Sonic hedgehog expression leads to the activation of Hox genes. Sonic hedgehog thus appears to function as the signal for anteroposterior patterning in the limb.

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Cell

ArticleSonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA

Abstract

Basic local alignment search tool

J. Mol. Biol.

Current Protocols in Molecular Biology

We may not have a morphogen

Nature

A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX

Nucl. Acids Res.

The bicoid protein is a positive regulator of hunchback transcription in early Drosophila embryo

Nature

Coordinate expression of the murine Hox-5 complex homeobox-containing genes during limb pattern formation

Nature

Sonic hedgehog, a member of a family of putative signaling molecules, is implicated in the regulation of CNS polarity

Cell

Replication-competent retroviral vectors encoding alkaline phosphatase reveal spatial restriction of viral gene expression/transduction in the chick embryo

Mol. Cell. Biol.

Retroviral infection coupled with tissue transplantation limits gene transfer in the chicken embryo

A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo

J. Exp. Morph.

Maps of strength of positional signalling activity in the developing chick wing bud

J. Embryol. Exp. Morph.

Positional signalling by Hensen's node when grafted to the chick limb bud

J. Embryol. Exp. Morph.

The spatial and temporal distribution of polarizing activity in the flank of the pre-limb bud stages in the chick embryo

Development

Adaptor plasmids simplify the insertion of foreign DNA into helper-independent retroviral vectors

J. Virol.

The molecular genetics of embryonic pattern formation in Drosophila

Nature

Segment polarity genes and cell patterning within the Drosophila body segment

Curr. Op. Gen. and Dev.

Boundaries and fields in early embryos

Cell

Expression of the homeobox Hox-4 genes and the specification of position in chick wing development

Nature

Diffusible factors in vertebrate embryonic induction

Cell

An analysis of 5′-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs

Nucl. Acids Res.

A functionally conserved homolog of the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog is expressed in tissues with polarizing activity in Zebrafish embryos

Cell

A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein

J. Mol. Biol.

Recognition of nascent polypeptides for targeting and folding

Trends Biochem. Sci.

Factoring in the limb

Curr. Biol.

Secretion and localized transcription suggest a role in positional signaling for products of the segmentation gene hedgehog

Cell

Requirements for hedgehog, a segment polarity gene, in patterning larval and adult cuticle of Drosophila

Genetics

Molecular organization and embryonic expression of the hedgehog gene involved in cell-cell communication in segmental patterns in Drosophila

Development

Targeted misexpression of Hox-4.6 in the avian limb bud causes apparent homeotic transformations

Nature

FGF-4 expression during gastrulation, myogenesis, limb and tooth development in the mouse

Development

FGF-4 and BMP-2 have opposite effects on limb growth

Nature

Article
Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA