The adhesion of the yeast Candida albicans to epithelial cells of human origin in vitro

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(81)90178-3

Archives of Oral Biology

Volume 26, Issue 10, 1981, Pages 815-820

https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(81)90178-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

Monolayers of HeLa cells were incubated with Candida suspensions and the number of adherent yeasts per unit area of epithelial cells counted microscopically. Adhesion was proportional to the incubation time and the yeast concentration in the suspension. Preincubation of Candida with sucrose facilitated their adhesion, there being a linear enhancement with increasing sucrose concentrations. The sucrose-facilitated adhesion disappeared when the yeasts were killed prior to incubation in a sucrose-containing medium, suggesting that an extracellular metabolic product could be responsible. On comparison of the adhesion of yeasts to viable and non-viable HeLa cells, greater adhesion to non-viable cells was observed. This experimental system can be used to study parameters influencing candidal adhesion to epithelial surfaces.

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Antifungal potential of eugenyl acetate against clinical isolates of Candida species
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Citation Excerpt :
Prior to the assay, the viability of HaCaT cells was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay and found to be 97%. The assay was performed by the earlier described method [34,35] with slight modification. In adhesion assay, HaCaT cells were cultured in cover slip slides immersed in a 24 well-MTP containing 1 ml complete DMEM for 2 days.
The study evaluated the efficiency of eugenyl acetate (EA), a phytochemical in clove essential oil, against clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of EA against Candida isolates were in the range between 0.1% and 0.4% (v/v). Spot assay further confirmed the susceptibility of Candida isolates to the compound upon treatment with respective 1 × MIC. Growth profile measured in time kill study evidence that the compound at 1 × MIC and 1/2 × MIC retarded the growth of Candida cells, divulging the fungicidal activity. Light microscopic observation demonstrated that upon treated with EA, rough cell morphology, cell damage, and fragmented patterns were observed in C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. Furthermore, unusual morphological changes of the organism were observed in scanning electron microscopic study. Therefore, it is validated that the compound could cause cell damage resulting in the cell death of Candida clinical isolates. Eventually, the compound at sub-MIC (0.0125% v/v) significantly inhibited serum-induced germ tube formation by C. albicans. Eugenyl acetate inhibited biofilm forming ability of the organisms as well as reduced the adherence of Candida cells to HaCaT keratinocytes cells. In addition, upon treatment with EA, the phagocytic activity of macrophages was increased significantly against C. albicans (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated the potential of EA as a valuable phytochemical to fight against emerging Candida infections.
The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine and zidovudine show little effect on the virulence of Candida albicans in vitro
2008, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Citation Excerpt :
For all assays, each C. albicans isolate grown in the absence of NRTIs was used as a control. The assay used was a modification of one described previously [12]. WHCO6 human oesophageal cancer cells, established from a biopsy (by R.V.), were cultured in a 3:1 mixture of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium:Ham's F12 medium (Sigma–Aldrich, Aston Manor, South Africa) supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum (Highveld Biological, Johannesburg, South Africa).
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since the analogue 5-fluorouracil increases Candida albicans virulence in vitro, and zidovudine therapy is associated with enhanced C. albicans adherence and biofilm formation, we investigated the effects of commonly used NRTIs on the virulence of C. albicans isolated from 21 antiretroviral-naïve HIV/AIDS patients. The isolates were exposed to didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine and zidovudine at their expected patient serum peak levels and at one-half and two times these levels for 24 h and 72 h. Assays assessing changes in adherence, proliferation, biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility were performed. No differences in these virulence characteristics of isolates exposed to NRTIs were noted in most cases. However, at 24 h and 72 h a significant increase in the rate of proliferation was observed in response to two-fold the peak concentration of lamivudine. The results suggest a limited effect of NRTIs on C. albicans virulence.
In vitro inhibitory effect of Streblus asper leaf-extract on adhesion of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells
2005, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
This in vitro study aimed at determining the effects of a sublethal concentration of Streblus asper Lour (Moraceae) leaf ethanolic extract on adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells (HBEC). The minimum concentration of Streblus asper leaf ethanolic extract (SAE) that significantly reduced adherence (P < 0.05) after a 1-h exposure was 15.6 mg/ml. However, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of candidal adhesion to HBEC after 1-min exposure to 125 mg/ml of SAE. Pre-treatment of either Candida or HBEC, or both, with 125 mg/ml of SAE for 1 h resulted in reduced adherence. SAE at concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/ml also showed 41 and 61% inhibition of germ tube formation, respectively, which might affect adherence. These findings indicate that the sublethal concentration of SAE may modulate candidal colonization of the oral mucosa thereby suppressing the invasive potential of the pathogen.
Influence of antifungal polyenes on the adhesion of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to human epithelial cells in vitro
2003, Archives of Oral Biology
Citation Excerpt :
To avoid such problems, candidal adherence studies have been frequently performed using cell monolayers. These include HeLa and human embryonic kidney epithelial cells, fibroblasts and HEp-2 cells.31,33–37 It is, however, unclear how the candidal adherence to cell monolayers is affected by antimycotics.
Candidal adherence to mucosal surfaces is considered as the first step in the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis. We examined the effect of antifungal polyenes, amphotericin B, nystatin and natamycin, at sublethal and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) on the adherence of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to HeLa cervical carcinoma and HSC-3 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. A total of six oral Candida isolates were used throughout the study. Two Candida strains, C. albicans (44990) and C. glabrata (MYA-275) were obtained from ATCC. Four Candida strains, C. albicans 19 and 24 and C. glabrata 15 and 21, were isolated from patients with documented Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Cells were either incubated with Candida in the presence of the drug, or pre-incubated with yeasts and exposed subsequently to the drug. In the drug-free controls, the mean number of C. albicans yeasts associated with HeLa cells obtained from all experiments (130.1±10.1 yeasts/mm²) was significantly greater than that for HSC-3 cells (114.7±10.1 yeasts/mm²; P<0.025). For C. glabrata, the mean adherence to HeLa and HSC-3 cells was 84.4±5.5 and 84.4±3.3 yeasts/mm², respectively, and these values were not statistically different (P>0.4). Candidal adherence was significantly reduced when the tested polyenes were present during the “adherence phase”. The obtained values were significantly different from the controls, except for the effect of nystatin at the MIC on the adherence of C. glabrata strain MYA-275 to HeLa cells (P<0.375). Amphotericin B had the highest effect against both Candida species, reducing adherence by ∼50 and ∼60%, at the MIC and sublethal concentrations, respectively. The susceptibility of cell-associated Candida to polyenes was decreased markedly and the treatment did not result in significant detachment of adherent yeasts. The reduction in adherence was between 2 and 10%, when compared to the drug-free controls. These findings suggest that sub-therapeutic levels of polyenes that are likely to persist in the oral cavity following topical treatment may modulate candidal colonization when present during the “adherence phase”.
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2023, Research Square

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Archives of Oral Biology

Abstract

References (30)

The aetiology, exfoliative cytology and treatment of denture stomatitis

J. prosth. Dent.

Factors affecting the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic surfaces

Archs oral Biol.

Stereological principles for morphometry in electron microscopic cytology

Int. Rev. Cytol.

Use of vital stains to study bacterial adherence to epithelial cells

Stain Technol.

Method for quantitative morphological analysis of tissues

J. natn. Cancer Inst.

Cell-surface composition and adhesion of Candida albicans to denture acrylic

Scanning electron microscopy of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) attached to cultured mammalian cells

J. Bact.

Selective bacterial adherence to oral epithelial surfaces and its role as an ecological determinant

Infect. Immun.

Bacterial adherence in oral microbial ecology

A. Rev. Microbiol.

Quantitative assessment of bacterial adhesion to eukaryotic cells of human origin

J. appl. Bact.

The attachment of bacteria to the surfaces of animal cells

Adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells

Infect. Immun.

Relationship between germination of Candida albicans and increased adherence to human buccal epithelial cells

Infect. Immun.

Adherence of Candida albicans and other Candida species to mucosal epithelial cells

Infect. Immun.

Cited by (80)

Lantibiotics in antifungal therapy: a futuristic approach

Antifungal potential of eugenyl acetate against clinical isolates of Candida species

The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine and zidovudine show little effect on the virulence of Candida albicans in vitro

In vitro inhibitory effect of Streblus asper leaf-extract on adhesion of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells

Influence of antifungal polyenes on the adhesion of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to human epithelial cells in vitro

Antimicrobial Effect and Microbial Adherence to Maxillofacial Prosthetic Materials