Numbers are better than words: Verbal specifications of frequency have no place in medicine

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(83)90819-7

The American Journal of Medicine

Volume 74, Issue 6, June 1983, Pages 1061-1065

https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(83)90819-7 Get rights and content

Abstract

We were concerned about the precision (i.e., consensus as to meaning) of adjectives and adverbs used to express frequency in the medical literature. We asked 103 physicians and 106 nonphysicians to assign to each of 22 such modifiers a percentage representing their understanding of the term. As indexed by the standard deviations, the degree of imprecision for 17 terms was so great for both physicians and for laymen as to make their use unacceptable. Consensus was significantly less among laymen than among physicians for 10 of the terms. Greater consensus was shown by native English-speaking physicians than by those with other native languages. Our data suggest further that American graduates of American medical schools show more consensus than American graduates of foreign medical schools. Board-certified physicians did not show greater consensus than physicians who were not board-certified. Verbal expressions of frequency should be eliminated from medical communications; failing that, the author should specify numerically the frequency he intends when he uses any such expression.

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¹: From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Albany Medical College of Union University, Albany, New York (MAN).

²: From the Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (SA).

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Special articleNumbers are better than words: Verbal specifications of frequency have no place in medicine

Abstract

J Res Personality

Lancet

Factors associated with low birth weight: United States—1976

Primary pulmonary hypertension: a pathologic study of the lung vessels in 156 clinically diagnosed cases

Circulation

Cor pulmonale and pulmonary thromboembolism

The specific meanings of certain terms indicating differing degrees of frequency

Q J Speech

Special article
Numbers are better than words: Verbal specifications of frequency have no place in medicine