Abstract
Recent evidence shows that BRAF-activated non-coding RNA (BANCR) acts as a critical role in the proliferation and metastasis in malignant melanoma and lung cancer; however, little is known about the significance of lncRNA BANCR in retinoblastoma. The purpose of our study is to explore the role of lncRNA BANCR in retinoblastoma clinical samples and cell lines. The expression of lncRNA BANCR was measured in 60 retinoblastoma samples and normal retina samples by using RT-PCR. The effects of lncRNA BANCR on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were also explored. In our results, lncRNA BANCR is overexpressed in retinoblastoma tissues and cell lines and is associated with tumor size, choroidal invasion, and optic nerve invasion. Moreover, patients with high levels of lncRNA BANCR expression had poorer survival than those with lower levels of lncRNA BANCR expression. Multivariate analysis showed that increased lncRNA BANCR expression was a poor independent prognostic factor for retinoblastoma patients. Furthermore, knocking down lncRNA BANCR expression significantly suppressed the retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. In conclusion, lncRNA BANCR plays a significant role in retinoblastoma aggressiveness and prognosis and may act as a promising target for therapeutic strategy and prognostic prediction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Villegas VM, Hess DJ, Wildner A, Gold AS, Murray TG. Retinoblastoma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013;24:581–8.
Abramson DH. Retinoblastoma in the 20th century: past success and future challenges the Weisenfeld lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:2683–91.
Melamud A, Palekar R, Singh A. Retinoblastoma. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73:1039–44.
Shields CL, Shields JA. Retinoblastoma management: advances in enucleation, intravenous chemoreduction, and intra-arterial chemotherapy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2010;21:203–12.
Varan A, Kiratli H, Aydin B, Tarlan B, Poyraz CB, Akyuz C, et al. The treatment of retinoblastoma with four-drug regimen including cisplatin, etoposide, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2012;29:529–37.
Chawla B, Jain A, Azad R. Conservative treatment modalities in retinoblastoma. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2013;61:479–85.
Bowman RJ, Mafwiri M, Luthert P, Luande J, Wood M. Outcome of retinoblastoma in east Africa. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;50:160–2.
Gatta G, Capocaccia R, Stiller C, Kaatsch P, Berrino F, Terenziani M. Childhood cancer survival trends in Europe: a Eurocare working group study. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3742–51.
Lin P, O’Brien JM. Frontiers in the management of retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148:192–8.
Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Mattick JS. Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions. Nat Rev Genet. 2009;10:155–9.
Tsai MC, Spitale RC, Chang HY. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs: new links in cancer progression. Cancer Res. 2011;71:3–7.
Wapinski O, Chang HY. Long noncoding RNAs and human disease. Trends Cell Biol. 2011;21:354–61.
Spizzo R, Almeida MI, Colombatti A, Calin GA. Long non-coding RNAs and cancer: a new frontier of translational research? Oncogene. 2012;31:4577–87.
Flockhart RJ, Webster DE, Qu K, Mascarenhas N, Kovalski J, Kretz M, et al. BRAFV600E remodels the melanocyte transcriptome and induces BANCR to regulate melanoma cell migration. Genome Res. 2012;22:1006–14.
Sun M, Liu XH, Wang KM, Nie FQ, Kong R, Yang JS, et al. Downregulation of BRAF activated non-coding RNA is associated with poor prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer and promotes metastasis by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Cancer. 2014;13:68.
Guo Q, Zhao Y, Chen J, Hu J, Wang S, Zhang D, et al. BRAF-activated long non-coding RNA contributes to colorectal cancer migration by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett. 2014;8:869–75.
Motoyama K, Inoue H, Nakamura Y, Uetake H, Sugihara K, Mori M. Clinical significance of high mobility group A2 in human gastric cancer and its relationship to let-7 microRNA family. Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2008;14:2334–40.
Mattick JS, Makunin IV. Non-coding RNA. Hum Mol Genet. 2006;15(1):R17–29.
Martin J, Bryar P, Mets M, Weinstein J, Jones A, Martin A, et al. Differentially expressed miRNAs in retinoblastoma. Gene. 2013;512:294–9.
Wang J, Wang X, Li Z, Liu H, Teng Y. Microrna-183 suppresses retinoblastoma cell growth, invasion and migration by targeting LRP6. FEBS J. 2014;281:1355–65.
Lei Q, Shen F, Wu J, Zhang W, Wang J, Zhang L. MiR-101, downregulated in retinoblastoma, functions as a tumor suppressor in human retinoblastoma cells by targeting EZH2. Oncol Rep. 2014;32:261–9.
Li R, Zhang L, Jia L, Duan Y, Li Y, Bao L, et al. Long non-coding RNA BANCR promotes proliferation in malignant melanoma by regulating MAPK pathway activation. PLoS One. 2014;9, e100893.
Wang Y, Guo Q, Zhao Y, Chen J, Wang S, Hu J, et al. BRAF-activated long non-coding RNA contributes to cell proliferation and activates autophagy in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 2014;8:1947–52.
Jiang W, Zhang D, Xu B, Wu Z, Liu S, Zhang L, et al. Long non-coding RNA BANCR promotes proliferation and migration of lung carcinoma via MAPK pathways. Biomed Pharmacother. 2015;69:90–5.
Conflicts of interest
None
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Su, S., Gao, J., Wang, T. et al. Long non-coding RNA BANCR regulates growth and metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in retinoblastoma. Tumor Biol. 36, 7205–7211 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-3413-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-3413-3