Table 3

Speech features and educational placement of individuals with pathogenic SNVs/indels disrupting FOXP2

Case	Age first words	Age first sentences	CAS	Phonological errors	Dysarthria	Oral motor impairment	Schooling	Support*
1a	>18 mo	NYA	+	Disorder	–	+	MS PS	+
1b	12–15 mo	2–3 years	+	Delay	–	+	MS SC and diploma	–
1c	2–3 years	>8 years	+	Delay	–	+	MS SC and diploma	+
1d	<12 mo	2–3 years	+	–	–	+	MS PS and diploma	–
2	>18 mo	4–5 years	+	Disorder	–	+	Mixed MS and specialist	+
3a	>15 mo	2–3 years	–	Disorder	–	+	MS PS	+
3b	NA	NA	–	–	–	–	MS SC and diploma	–
4a	>18 mo	>8 years	+	Disorder	+	+	MS SC	+
4b	>18 mo	>8 years	+	Disorder	–	+	MS SC	+
4c	>18 mo	>5 years	+	Disorder	–	+	MS SC	+
5	12–15 mo	6–7 years	+	Disorder	+	+	MS SC	+
6	>18 mo	NYA	+	Disorder	–	+	Specialist SC	+
7a	4–5 years	7–8 years	+	–	–	NA	Specialist	–
7b	4–5 years	7–8 years	+	–	–	NA	Specialist	–
8a	NA	NA	+	–	–	NA	MS SC	–
8b	4–5 years	NA	+	–	–	NA	Specialist	–
9	4–5 years	NYA	+	NA	NA	+	Specialist	–
10	12–15 mo	NA	+	–	–	NA	MS school	+
11a	NR	NA	–	–	–	NA	School for speech and language disorders, advanced technical college	–
11b	12–15 mo	NA	+	Disorder	–	NA	Pre for speech and language disorders	–
12a	>18 mo	NYA	+	Disorder	–	NA	Specialist	+
12b	>18 mo	6–7 years	NA	NA	NA	NA	MS and specialist, higher vocational education	–
13	NYA	NYA	+	Disorder	–	NA	Specialist pre	+
14	NYA	NYA	NA	NA	NA	NA	Specialist pre	+
15	12–15 mo	NYA	+	Disorder	–	NA	Specialist pre	+
16a	12–15 mo	4–5 years	NA	NA	NA	NA	MS SC and degree	–
16b	12–15 mo	4–5 years	+	Disorder	–	NA	MS PS	+
17	12–15 mo	NYA	+	Disorder	–	+	Specialist pre	–

+=feature present, −=feature absent
*Support in the form of support staff in the classroom and/or individualised education plans.
CAS, childhood apraxia of speech; mo, months; MS, mainstream; NA, not assessed; NYA, not yet achieved; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder; Pre, preschool; PS, primary/elementary school; SC, secondary school; SNVs, single-nucleotide variants; wks, weeks.