Table 1

Associations of single and composite READ1 alleles with severe RD and severe LI in the ALSPAC cohort

Severe RDSevere LI
READ1 AlleleOR (95% CI)p ValueOR (95% CI)p Value
Allele 30.47 (0.17 to 1.27)0.09130.77 (0.48 to 1.23)0.2554
Allele 41.24 (0.78 to 1.99)0.37660.78 (0.56 to 1.09)0.1407
Allele 52.54 (1.48 to 4.36)0.00259260.84 (0.50 to 1.40)0.4880
Allele 61.54 (0.87 to 2.73)0.16391.65 (1.18 to 2.30)0.005955*
Allele 100.79 (0.36 to 1.67)0.50630.90 (0.59 to 1.36)0.6034
Microdeletion0.86 (0.48 to 1.51)0.58100.85 (0.60 to 1.21)0.3618
Alleles 5 and 62.04 (1.36 to 3.08)0.00157251.66 (1.28 to 2.17)0.0003556
Clade 1 (contains 5/6)1.99 (1.33 to 2.97)0.00200361.73 (1.34 to 2.23)0.00007402
RU1-1 alleles0.41 (0.15 to 1.12)0.0442*0.80 (0.52 to 1.23)0.2923
Short alleles0.41 (0.15 to 1.12)0.0448*0.80 (0.52 to 1.23)0.2923
Long alleles2.39 (1.42 to 4.04)0.00338291.68 (1.17 to 2.43)0.008962*

  • The association results for single and composite alleles of READ1 and the microdeletion. Values are regression-based under an allelic model. p Values that survived Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (threshold=0.05/11=0.0045) are shown in bold, with nominal associations marked with an asterisk. The highest and lowest ORs are also shown in bold. The criterion for severe RD is a score ≥2 SDs below the mean on the phoneme deletion task; the criterion for severe LI is a score of ≥2 SDs below the mean on at least one of two oral language measures (see online supplementary table S2B). For a description of the composite alleles, see online supplementary table S3, and for a detailed description of the phenotypes, see online supplementary table S2A, B.

  • ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; LI, language impairment; RD, reading disability.