Factors involved in the establishment and/or the maintenance of 11p15/dist7 genomic imprinting
| Factors | Expression | Stage of the imprinting cycle | ICR1 | ICR2 | Maternal versus zygotic effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNMTs | ||||||
| DNMT3L | Oocytes and sperm | Establishment | Establishment of methylation | Establishment of methylation | Maternal | Reviewed in 13 |
| DNMT3A | Oocytes and sperm | Establishment | Establishment of methylation | Establishment of methylation | Maternal | Reviewed in 13 |
| DNMT1s | Oocytes and zygote | Maintenance | Maintenance of methylation | Maintenance of methylation | Maternal/zygotic | Reviewed in 13 |
| Other factors | ||||||
| CTCFL/BORIS | Sperm | Establishment | Establishment of methylation? | Not studied | 14 | |
| CTCF | Oocytes and zygote | Maintenance | Protection against methylation | Not studied | Maternal/zygotic | 17–20 |
| STELLA (PGC7, DPPA3) | Primordial germ cells and oocytes | Maintenance | Maintenance of methylation | Not studied | Maternal | 21 |
| KAP1 (TRIM 28, TIF1β) | Oocytes and zygote | Maintenance | Maintenance of methylation | Not studied | Maternal | 22 |
| MBD3 | Oocytes and zygote | Maintenance | Maintenance of methylation | Not studied | Zygotic | 23 |
| OCT4, SOX2 | Oocytes, sperm and zygote | Establishment and/or maintenance | Protection against methylation | Not studied | 24 | |
| ZFP57 | Oocytes, sperm and zygote | Establishment and maintenance | Unaffected | Establishment and/or maintenance of methylation | Maternal/zygotic | 25 |
| NLRP2 (NALP2) | Oocytes and zygote | Establishment and/or maintenance | Not studied | Establishment and/or maintenance of methylation | Maternal | 26 |
| NLRP7 (NALP7) | Oocytes and zygote | Establishment and/or maintenance | Unaffected | Establishment and/or maintenance of methylation | Maternal | 27 |
| KDM1B (LSD2) | Growing oocytes | Establishment | Unaffected | Unaffected | Maternal | 28 |
DNMTs, DNA methyltransferases; ICR, imprinting control region.