SCN9A | Voltage gated Na+ channels | ↑ Chronic pain in mixed cohort (sciatica, osteoarthritis, pancreatitis, lumbar discectomy, and phantom limb) | 87 |
↑ Sensitivity for experimental pain |
KCNS1 | Voltage gated K+ channels | ↑ Chronic pain in 5 cohorts (sciatica, lumbar pain, amputation, phantom limb) | 88 |
↑ Sensitivity for experimental pain |
CACNA2D3 | Voltage gated Ca2+ channels | ↓ Sensitivity to thermal pain | 89 |
↓ Chronic post-surgical pain (discogenic disease) |
CACNG2 | Voltage gated Ca2+ channels | ↑ Chronic post-surgical pain (post-mastectomy) | 90 |