Study | Subjects | No with HHT | Mean (range) age (years) | Intervention | % with follow-up | Mean follow-up (months) | Post-treatment outcome | Frequency post-treatment outcome | Procedural complication | Frequency complication |
Bown et al 1985,109 Case series | 18, severe GI bleeding, transfusion dependent | 8/18 (44%) | 62 (42–74) |
| 100% | 14 |
|
| Perforation | 0% |
Gostout et al 1988,111 Case series | 93, severe GI bleeding, transfusion dependent | 10/93 (11%) | 63 | 100% ND-YAG (2–6 sessions) | 100% | 15 | Reduced transfusions | 9/10 (90%) |
|
|
Sargeant et al 1993,110 Case series | 41, severe GI bleeding, transfusion dependent | 9/41 (22%) | 66 (55–81) | 100% ND-YAG (repeated sessions) | 100% | 51 |
|
|
|
|
Van Cutsem et al 1990,106 Placebo-controlled cross-over trial | 10, severe GI bleeding from VMs, transfusion dependent | 6/10 (60%) | 65–89 | 100% ethinylestradiol+norethisterone versus placebo | 100% | 6 |
|
|
|
|
Longacre et al 2003,103 Case series | 43, HHT-related GI bleeding | 43/43 (100%) | 57 (33–78) |
| 100% | 18 | Mean haemoglobin pre–post |
| DVT | 1/19 (5%) |
↵* Mean for all 10 patients (HHT and non-HHT).
APC, argon plasma coagulation; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; MI, myocardial infarction; Nd-YAG, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser.