Table 1 Clinical findings in nine Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) patients with de novo cytogenetically visible deletions
Case1415161718192021Total
SexFFMMMFFF5/3
Facial appearance
Greek warrior helmet facies+++++++7/8
Hypertelorism++++++++8/8
Prominent glabella+++++++7/8
High forehead++++++++8/8
Epicanthus+++++5/8
Broad nose++++++6/8
Beaked nose++++4/8
Short philtrum++++++++8/8
OligodontiaNI+NININIToo youngToo young1/2
Micrognathia++++++++8/8
Downturned shape of the mouth++++++++8/8
Cleft lip/palate−/−−/−−/−−/−−/−−/−−/+−/+2/8
Colobomata of iris+++3/8
Narrow lacrimal ductsNINI+NINI+2/4
Strabismus+++++NI5/7
Dysplastic ears+++++++7/8
Preauricular tag/pit++2/8
Birth
Gestational weeks at birth (weeks, days)33383840, 2383741, 537, 238*
Weight (g)1180(<P10)1630(<P10)1900(<P10)3660(P75–P90)1930(<P10)1500(<P10)2610(<P10)1550(<P10)1995*
Length (cm)39(<P10)42(<P10)49(P50–P75)52(P50–P75)47.5(P25–P50)NI48(P10–P25)42(<P10)46*
IUGR+++++++7/8
OFC (cm)27(<P10)30.5(<P10)30(<P10)4 weeks: 36(P10–P25)34.5(P75–P90)NININI30.5*
Microcephaly at birth++++NI+5/7
Postnatal examination
Age at examination (years, months)61273, 65501, 60, 2
Height (cm)89(<P3)142(P10–P25)<P39 (−1SD)<P3120(<P3)72.5(<P3)47.5(<P3)
Weight (kg)8.0<P3)30(P10)<P312.6(−2SD)<P325(<P3)6.9(<P3)2.5(<P3)
OFC (cm)/microcephaly (+/−)44.2(<P3)48(<P3)+47.5(−2SD)43(<P3)46(<P3)42.2(<P3)35(<P3)
Mental retardationSevereSevere+IQ 74SevereProfoundProfoundProfound
Sitting without support (years, months)3, 61, 53, 61, 64/8
Walking without support (years, months)3, 563, 63/8
Speech (years, months)71, 52/8
Hypotonia++++++6/8
Seizures+++++++7/8
Congenital heart defects+(ASDII, Pst)+(AVSD)*+(ASDII, Pst)3/8
Clubbing of fingers/toes0/8
Scoliosis++2/8
Club feet++2/8
Renal anomaliesRenal refluxNINI1/6
Genital anomaliesNIHypospadias+†Hypospadias+Ventrally spaced anus5/7
Sacral dimple+NINI+++++6/6
Deletion (start–end in Mb)8.81.8–10.110.92.7–14.814.816.519.537
Diagnosis byG-banding1 Mb array (spectral genomics)G-bandingG-bandingG-bandingG-bandingG-bandingG-banding
Subtelomeric screening by1 Mb arrayInterstitial deletion1 Mb arrayInterstitial deletion1 Mb array1 Mb arrayFISH subtel1 Mb array
Last normal clone (interstitial) (Mb)RP11-138D6 (1.7–1.9)RP11-444J4 (2.6–2.7)
First deleted clone (interstitial) (Mb)RP11-1170P16 (1.8–1.9)RP11-372F2 (2.9–3.1)
Last deleted clone (Mb)RP11-689P11(8.5–8.7)RP11-572M24(10.1–10.2)RP11-518L6(10.9–11.1)RP11-804D20(14.7–14.9)RP11-558F7(14.6–14.8)RP11-142E22(16.5–16.7)RP11-107E4(19.4–19.6)RP11-759E10(37.3–37.6)
First normal clone (Mb)RP11-637J21(8.6–8.8)RP11-61G19(10.2–10.4)RP11-775H15(11.0–11.2)RP11-161H8(14.8–15.0)RP11-804D20(14.7–14.9)RP11-714L13(16.6–16.8)RP11-5N10(19.5–19.7)RP11-177C12(37.5–37.7)
Cytogenetic band4p16.14p16.1p16.34p16.14p15.33p16.34p15.334p15.324p15.314p14
  • ASD: atrial septal defect; F, female; IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation; M, male; NI, not investigated; OFC, occipitofrontal circumference; Pst, pulmonic stenosis; VSD, ventricular septal defect.

  • *Average; †see clinical description.