Recent prospective studies of children exposed to anticonvulsants in utero
Reference | Anticonvulsant exposure | Developmental delay | Dysmorphic features | Major malformations |
11 | Carbamazepine alone | 5/25 (20%) | 4/35 (11%) | 3/35 (9%) |
Carbamazepine and another drug | 8/35 (23%) | 18/48 (38%) | 5/48 (11%) | |
27 | All anticonvulsants (40/60 phenytoin) | 1/60 (2%)5-150 | ||
18 | All anticonvulsants | 21/303 (7%) | ||
24 | All anticonvulsants | 42/315 (13%) | 27/318 (8.5%)5-151 | |
8 | Phenytoin alone | 7/34 (20%) | 2/34 (6%) | |
Carbamazepine alone | 3/36 (8%) | 2/36 (5%) | ||
25 | Not specified | 9/51 (18%) | ||
26 | Carbamazepine alone | 5/41 (12%) | 6/47 (11%) | 5/47 (11%) |
12 | Carbamazepine alone | 26/33 (79%) | 2/35 (5.7%) | |
Phenytoin alone | 26/33 (79%) | 3/34 (8.8%) | ||
34 | All anticonvulsants | 9% | ||
Primidone | 14.3% | |||
Valproate | 11.1% | |||
Phenytoin | 9.1% | |||
Carbamazepine | 5.7% | |||
Phenobarbitone | 5.1% |