TY - JOUR T1 - A novel <em>GATA4</em> mutation completely segregated with atrial septal defect in a large Japanese family JF - Journal of Medical Genetics JO - J Med Genet SP - e97 LP - e97 DO - 10.1136/jmg.2004.018895 VL - 41 IS - 7 AU - A Okubo AU - O Miyoshi AU - K Baba AU - M Takagi AU - K Tsukamoto AU - A Kinoshita AU - K Yoshiura AU - T Kishino AU - T Ohta AU - N Niikawa AU - N Matsumoto Y1 - 2004/07/01 UR - http://jmg.bmj.com/content/41/7/e97.abstract N2 - Atrial septal defect (ASD) is characterised by left-to-right shunting and increased right ventricular output.1 Approximately 5–10% of congenital heart diseases (CHD) are due to ASD which is one of the most frequent CHD found in human adults.2 ASD has been presumed to be caused by genetic factors.3,4 Recently, a few genes have been implicated in syndromic and non-syndromic ASD. Mutations in T-BOX5 at 12q24.1,5,6NKX2.5 at 5q34,7,8EVC at 4p16.1,9 and GATA4 at 8p23.1–p2210 cause Holt-Oram syndrome with ASD or ventricular septal defect (VSD), non-syndromic CHD including ASD and atrioventricular conduction abnormalities, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome with ASD, and a familial isolated ASD, respectively. We encountered a large family of four generations where 11 members were affected with ASD, and where disease transmission was consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Here we report a novel mutation of GATA4 in this family. Subjects A large Japanese family composed of a total of 29 members across four generations contained 11 members with ASD (I-1, II-2, II-6, II-7, III-1, III-2, III-4, IV-1, IV-2, IV-5, and IV-6; fig 1A). ASD in five patients (II-7, III-1, III-2, IV-1, and IV-2) was surgically repaired, and two patients (II-2 and IV-1) also had pulmonary stenosis (PS). The heart defects in eight subjects (II-2, II-7, III-1, III-2, IV-1, and IV-2) including two diseased subjects (I-1 and II-6) had been clinically diagnosed by one of co-authors (BK) on the basis of their past histories, operation records, 12-lead electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms with colour Doppler apparatus (fig 1A), while those in three other subjects … ER -