TY - JOUR T1 - <em>CTLA-4</em>/<em>CD28</em> gene region is associated with genetic susceptibility to coeliac disease in UK families JF - Journal of Medical Genetics JO - J Med Genet SP - 51 LP - 54 DO - 10.1136/jmg.39.1.51 VL - 39 IS - 1 AU - A L King AU - S J Moodie AU - J S Fraser AU - D Curtis AU - E Reid AU - A M Dearlove AU - H J Ellis AU - P J Ciclitira Y1 - 2002/01/01 UR - http://jmg.bmj.com/content/39/1/51.abstract N2 - Coeliac disease (CD) is a malabsorption disorder characterised by a small intestinal enteropathy that reverts to normal on removal of dietary gluten. Susceptibility to disease has a strong genetic component. Ninety percent of patients in northern Europe have the HLA class II alleles DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201, which encode the cell surface molecule HLA-DQ2.1 However, haplotype sharing probabilities across the HLA region in affected sib pairs suggest that genes within the MHC complex contribute no more than 40% of the sib familial risk of CD, making the non-HLA linked gene (or genes) the stronger determinant.2Attempts have been made to identify these loci using genome wide linkage studies. Zhong et al3 performed an autosomal screen in 45 affected sib pairs from the west coast of Ireland, using 328 microsatellite markers. They found evidence of linkage with lod scores of greater than 2.0 in five areas: 6p23 (separate from HLA), 7q31.3, 11p11, 15q26, and 22cen. A larger genome wide search involving 110 affected Italian sib pairs using 281 markers found no evidence of linkage in these five areas.4 It did, however, propose a novel susceptibility locus at 5qter, important in both symptomatic and silent CD, and another at 11qter, which appeared to differentiate the two forms. In UK families an initial genome wide search,5 followed by a study of 17 candidate regions6 identified five areas with lod scores of greater than 2.0: 6p12, 11p11, 17q12, 18q23, and 22q13. Of these, 11p11 replicates one of the loci identified by Zhong et al3 and it is likely that this area contains an important non-HLA susceptibility locus. However, in general the results of these studies are disappointingly inconsistent.A number of candidate genes have been investigated in linkage and association studies. Of these, the only region with repeatedly … ER -