TY - JOUR T1 - Recurrent germline mutation in <em>MSH2</em>arises frequently de novo JF - Journal of Medical Genetics JO - J Med Genet SP - 646 LP - 652 DO - 10.1136/jmg.37.9.646 VL - 37 IS - 9 AU - Darius C Desai AU - Janet C Lockman AU - Robert B Chadwick AU - Xin Gao AU - Antonio Percesepe AU - D Gareth R Evans AU - Michiko Miyaki AU - Siu Tsan Yuen AU - Paolo Radice AU - Eamonn R Maher AU - Fred A Wright AU - Albert de la Chapelle Y1 - 2000/09/01 UR - http://jmg.bmj.com/content/37/9/646.abstract N2 - INTRODUCTION An intronic germline mutation in the MSH2 gene, A→T at nt942+3, interferes with the exon 5 donor splicing mechanism leading to a mRNA lacking exon 5. This mutation causes typical hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and has been observed in numerous probands and families world wide. Recurrent mutations either arise repeatedly de novo or emanate from ancestral founding mutational events. The A→T mutation had previously been shown to be enriched in the population of Newfoundland where most families shared a founder mutation. In contrast, in England, haplotypes failed to suggest a founder effect. If the absence of a founder effect could be proven world wide, the frequent de novo occurrence of the mutation would constitute an unexplored predisposition. METHODS We studied 10 families from England, Italy, Hong Kong, and Japan with a battery of intragenic and flanking polymorphic single nucleotide and microsatellite markers. RESULTS Haplotype sharing was not apparent, even within the European and Asian kindreds. Our marker panel was sufficient to detect a major mutation arising within the past several thousand generations. DISCUSSION As a more ancient founder is implausible, we conclude that the A→T mutation at nt942+3 of MSH2 occurs de novo with a relatively high frequency. We hypothesise that it arises as a consequence of misalignment at replication or recombination caused by a repeat of 26 adenines, of which the mutated A is the first. It is by far the most common recurrent de novo germline mutation yet to be detected in a human mismatch repair gene, accounting for 11% of all known pathogenicMSH2 mutations. ER -