Article Text
Abstract
Background Recently, a patient with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16 (UPD(16)mat) presenting with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) phenotype was reported. SRS is characterised by growth failure and dysmorphic features.
Objective To clarify the prevalence of UPD(16)mat in aetiology-unknown patients with SRS phenotype and phenotypic differences between UPD(16)mat and SRS.
Methods We studied 94 patients with SRS phenotype of unknown aetiology. Sixty-three satisfied the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS) criteria, and 25 out of 63 patients showed both protruding forehead and relative macrocephaly (clinical SRS). The remaining 31 patients met only three NH-CSS criteria, but were clinically suspected as having SRS. To detect UPD(16)mat, we performed methylation analysis for the ZNF597:TSS-differentially methylated region (DMR) on chromosome 16 and subsequently performed microsatellite, SNP array and exome analyses in the patients with hypomethylated ZNF597:TSS-DMR.
Results We identified two patients (2.1%) with a mixture of maternal isodisomy and heterodisomy of chromosome 16 in 94 aetiology-unknown patients with SRS phenotype. Both patients exhibited preterm birth and prenatal and postnatal growth failure. The male patient had ventricular septal defect and hypospadias. Whole-exome sequencing detected no gene mutations related to their phenotypes.
Conclusion We suggest considering genetic testing for UPD(16)mat in SRS phenotypic patients without known aetiology.
- maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16
- silver-russell syndrome
- netchine-harbison clinical scoring system
- znf597
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Footnotes
Contributors Molecular analysis was performed by TI, AN, KM, SN and KN. Detailed clinical data and materials for molecular studies were provided by HY, JN, KY, TF and TO. The study was designed and coordinated by MK. The paper was written by TI and MK and reviewed and edited by AO and MF.
Funding This work was supported by Grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (15K15096), the National Center for Child Health and Development (28-6), the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (16ek0109030h0003, 17ek0109141h0003, 17ek0109278h0001), Takeda Science Foundation and The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Future Development Grant.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent Parental/guardian consent obtained.
Ethics approval This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board Committee at the National Center for Child Health and Development (committee’s reference number: 518).
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Correction notice This article has been corrected since it was published Online First. The following supplementary files have been updated: supplementary figure 1, supplementary tables 2 and 3, and supplementary methods.