Article Text
Abstract
Background The first studies on patients with forkhead-box protein P1 (FOXP1) syndrome reported associated global neurodevelopmental delay, autism symptomatology, dysmorphic features and cardiac and urogenital malformations. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of congenital abnormalities in an unbiased cohort of patients with FOXP1 syndrome and to document rare complications.
Methods Patients with FOXP1 syndrome were included, mostly diagnosed via whole-exome sequencing for neurodevelopmental delay. A parent-report questionnaire was used to assess medical signs and symptoms, including questions about features rated as most burdensome by patients and their family.
Results Forty individuals were included, 20 females and 20 males. The mean age at assessment was 13.2 years (median 8.5 years; range 2–54 years; ≥18 years n = 7). Seven adults were included. All patients had developmental problems, including cognitive, communication, social-emotional and motor delays. The most prevalent medical signs and symptoms include delayed bladder control, sleeping problems, hypermetropia, strabismus, sacral dimple, undescended testes, abnormal muscle tone and airway infections. The most burdensome complaints for patients with FOXP1 syndrome, as perceived by parents, include intellectual disability, impaired communication, behaviour problems, lack of age-appropriate self-reliance, attention problems and anxiety. According to parents, patients have quite similar reported symptoms, although incontinence, obsessions and a complex sensory profile have a higher ranking.
Conclusion The results of this study may be used to further guide medical management and identify patient priorities for future research targeted on those features of FOXP1 syndrome that most impair quality of life of patients and their families.
- Inborn Genetic Diseases
- Genetic Counselling
- Genetics, Medical
- Patient Care
- Phenotype
Data availability statement
Data are available upon reasonable request.
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Data availability statement
Data are available upon reasonable request.
Footnotes
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Contributors SK was involved in the planning, conduct, reporting, conception and design, acquisition of data or analysis and interpretation of data. FGR, FW, DB, AM, MT, RB and GWES were involved in conception and design, reporting and interpretation of data. JW, TR, JRS, RB and CMPCDP-S were involved in reporting and interpretation of data. SK accepts full responsibility for the work and/or the conduct of the study, had access to the data, and controlled the decision to publish.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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