Article Text
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) or Goldenhar syndrome is due to an abnormal development of first and second branchial arches derivatives during embryogenesis and is characterised by hemifacial microsomia associated with auricular, ocular and vertebral malformations. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of this spectrum with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, render its molecular diagnosis difficult. Only a few recurrent CNVs and genes have been identified as causatives in this complex disorder so far. Prenatal environmental causal factors have also been hypothesised. However, most of the patients remain without aetiology. In this review, we aim at updating clinical diagnostic criteria and describing genetic and non-genetic aetiologies, animal models as well as novel diagnostic tools and surgical management, in order to help and improve clinical care and genetic counselling of these patients and their families.
- human genetics
- disorders of environmental origin
- genetic heterogeneity
- genetics
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Footnotes
Correction notice This article has been corrected since it was published online first. The name of author Caroline Rooryck has been corrected.
Contributors AT-S, AT, TS, DL and CR-T cowrote the manuscript.
Funding This work was supported by the ANR (Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, ANR-12-JVS1-0002) and the Fondation Maladies Rares.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.