You are here

Article Text

Article menu
Download PDFPDF
Cognitive and behavioural genetics
Original research
Association between ARID2 and RAS-MAPK pathway in intellectual disability and short stature
  1. Eungu Kang1,
  2. Minji Kang2,
  3. Younghee Ju3,
  4. Sang-Joon Lee2,
  5. Yong-Seok Lee4,
  6. Dong-Cheol Woo5,
  7. Young Hoon Sung5,6,
  8. In-Jeoung Baek5,6,
  9. Woo Hyun Shim7,8,
  10. Woo-Chan Son9,
  11. In Hee Choi10,
  12. Eul-Ju Seo10,11,
  13. Han-Wook Yoo10,12,
  14. Yong-Mahn Han3,
  15. Beom Hee Lee10,12
  1. 1 Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
  2. 2 Asan institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  3. 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  4. 4 Department of Physiology, Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  5. 5 Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  6. 6 Department of Convergence Medicine, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  7. 7 Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  8. 8 Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  9. 9 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  10. 10 Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  11. 11 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  12. 12 Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  1. Correspondence to Professor Beom Hee Lee, -, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; bhlee{at}amc.seoul.kr; Professor Yong-Mahn Han; ymhan{at}kaist.ac.kr

Abstract

Background ARID2 belongs to the Switch/sucrose non-fermenting complex, in which the genetic defects have been found in patients with dysmorphism, short stature and intellectual disability (ID). As the phenotypes of patients with ARID2 mutations partially overlap with those of RASopathy, this study evaluated the biochemical association between ARID2 and RAS-MAPK pathway.

Methods The phenotypes of 22 patients with either an ARID2 heterozygous mutation or haploinsufficiency were reviewed. Comprehensive molecular analyses were performed using somatic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of a patient with ARID2 haploinsufficiency as well as using the mouse model of Arid2 haploinsufficiency by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.

Results The phenotypic characteristics of ARID2 deficiency include RASopathy, Coffin-Lowy syndrome or Coffin-Siris syndrome or undefined syndromic ID. Transient ARID2 knockout HeLa cells using an shRNA increased ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Impaired neuronal differentiation with enhanced RAS-MAPK activity was observed in patient-iPSCs. In addition, Arid2 haploinsufficient mice exhibited reduced body size and learning/memory deficit. ARID2 haploinsufficiency was associated with reduced IFITM1 expression, which interacts with caveolin-1 (CAV-1) and inhibits ERK activation.

Discussion ARID2 haploinsufficiency is associated with enhanced RAS-MAPK activity, leading to reduced IFITM1 and CAV-1 expression, thereby increasing ERK activity. This altered interaction might lead to abnormal neuronal development and a short stature.

  • genetics

Data availability statement

All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107111

Statistics from Altmetric.com

    Request Permissions

    If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.

    Data availability statement

    All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

    View Full Text

    Footnotes

    • Contributors BHL, Y-MH and H-WY designed this study. MK and YJ performed most of the experiments. EK, MK, Y-SL, W-CS and YJ analysed the data. S-JL, Y-SL, D-CW, YHS, I-JB, WHS and W-CS performed some of the experiments. EK, IHC, E-JS, H-WY and BHL were involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient. EK, MK, YJ and BHL drafted and all authors revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

    • Funding This research was supported in part by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Programme of the national research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government (NRF-2016M3A9B4915706 and NRF-2018M3A9H1078335).

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.