Cervical carcinoma is the most common neoplasia in Mexican women. Previous studies report association of this neoplasia with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in Caucasians. In the present study, we compared antigen frequencies of class I and class II MHC phenotypes in patients and ethnically matched healthy controls. Patients had significantly increased frequencies of HLA-A2 (PC = .000003) and HLA-DR5 (PC = .01) as compared with healthy controls. Conversely, we found a significant decrease of HLA-DR6 (PC = .01), HLA-DR2 (PC = .0005) and HLA-DR1 (PC = .0009) as compared with healthy controls. These results confirm some previous studies on HLA-associations with cervical carcinoma and reinforce the theory of independent mechanisms of MHC class I and class II genes in the etiopathogenesis of this disease.