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IAP-targeted therapies for cancer

Oncogene volume 27, pages 6252–6275 (2008)Cite this article

Abstract

DNA damage, chromosomal abnormalities, oncogene activation, viral infection, substrate detachment and hypoxia can all trigger apoptosis in normal cells. However, cancer cells acquire mutations that allow them to survive these threats that are part and parcel of the transformation process or that may affect the growth and dissemination of the tumor. Eventually, cancer cells accumulate further mutations that make them resistant to apoptosis mediated by standard cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family members, defined by the presence of a baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) protein domain, are key regulators of cytokinesis, apoptosis and signal transduction. Specific IAPs regulate either cell division, caspase activity or survival pathways mediated through binding to their BIR domains, and/or through their ubiquitin-ligase RING domain activity. These protein–protein interactions and post-translational modifications are the subject of intense investigations that shed light on how these proteins contribute to oncogenesis and resistance to therapy. In the past several years, we have seen multiple approaches of IAP antagonism enter the clinic, and the rewards of such strategies are about to reap benefit. Significantly, small molecule pan-IAP antagonists that mimic an endogenous inhibitor of the IAPs, called Smac, have demonstrated an unexpected ability to sensitize cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-α and to promote autocrine or paracrine production of this cytokine by the tumor cell and possibly, other cells too. This review will focus on these and other developmental therapeutics that target the IAPs in cancer.

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Acknowledgements

RGK is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) International Research Scholar and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. RGK is supported by funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and the HHMI. HHC is the recipient of a Michael Cuccione Foundation and CIHR Institute of Cancer Research postdoctoral fellowship. SP and DJM are recipients of a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada postdoctoral fellowships. ECL is supported by funds from the Optimist Club's Campaign against Childhood Cancers.

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  1. E C LaCasse, D J Mahoney and H H Cheung: These three authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    E C LaCasse, D J Mahoney, H H Cheung, S Plenchette, S Baird & R G Korneluk

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    E C LaCasse, D J Mahoney, H H Cheung, S Plenchette, S Baird & R G Korneluk

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  1. E C LaCasse
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LaCasse, E., Mahoney, D., Cheung, H. et al. IAP-targeted therapies for cancer. Oncogene 27, 6252–6275 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2008.302

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