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Total joint replacement in osteoarthritis

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2005.09.003Get rights and content

Surgical approaches have been developed for most of the sites of osteoarthritis, including the carpal metacarpal and first metatarsal phalangeal joint, the hips, knees, shoulders, ankles and elbows. This chapter will address surgical options for advanced osteoarthritis of the hips and knees and will focus primarily on total hip and knee replacement.

Section snippets

Surgical approaches to osteoarthritis other than total joint replacement

While total joint replacement is the most frequently performed procedure for advanced osteoarthritis of the hip and knee, several other options exist. These alternatives to total joint replacement are especially appealing for younger patients who would likely require one or more revisions if they underwent total hip or knee replacement in their 30 or 40s. For select patients with hip osteoarthritis, femoral or acetabular osteotomy provides symptom relief and functional benefit. Osteotomy

Total joint replacement

Total hip replacement was developed in the 1960s and matured in the 1970s, becoming a well-accepted, reliable treatment for hip osteoarthritis. Today there are over 200 000 elective total hip replacements performed per year in the United States.3 Total knee replacement developed in a similar fashion about a decade later. The growth in total knee replacement has been especially brisk because the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is increasing, in part because of an increase in obesity.4

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