Trends in Genetics
ReviewOur retroviral heritage
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Cited by (108)
Human endogenous retrovirus and multiple sclerosis: A review and transcriptome findings
2022, Multiple Sclerosis and Related DisordersCitation Excerpt :When active, the ERVs increase in number by means of reinfections, horizontal transmission, and retrotransposition. As a result, around 8% of the human genome comprises ERVs from different families, named Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) (Griffiths, 2001; Weiss, 2006; Venter et al., 2001; Patience et al., 1997). As in other retroviruses, HERVs present classical retrovirus genes, group-specific antigen (gag), polymerase (pol), and envelope (env) genes flanked by two identical Long Terminal Repeats (LTRs) (Griffiths, 2001; Goff, 2005).
Human endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis: Innocent bystanders or disease determinants?
2011, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of DiseaseCitation Excerpt :HERVs correspond to approximately 1500–2000 proviruses together with at least 20,000–40,000 copies of solitary LTRs per genome. HERVs have been amplified during evolution by repeated reintegration of reverse-transcribed mRNA into the DNA of germ-line cells [64–66]. However, it is now clear that HERVs express proteins [67], are capable of being immunogenic [68] and respond to immune stimuli [69] but are probably not replication competent [70], unlike their exogenous counterparts (e.g. HIV-1/2, HTLV-1/2).
Identification and characterization of a novel retroviral-like aspartic protease specifically expressed in human epidermis
2005, Journal of Investigative DermatologyCitation Excerpt :Thus, the selective pressure to maintain functional open reading frames (ORF) for viral replication no longer applies. The maintenance of an HERV ORF over a significant evolutionary time period suggests a biological function (Patience et al, 1997) and indeed, mammalian proteins containing HERV sequences have been described (Johansen et al, 1989; Lower et al, 1996; Benit et al, 1999). SASPase, a protease with a very high expression level in human skin, is unique in the sense that it contains several of the above-described features: (i) SASPase is likely to be an HERV-derived protein based on its sequence homology with viral proteases (data not shown) and (ii) SASPase auto-catalyzes the generation of proteolytic fragments from a precursor fusion protein, which, after dimerization, generates the active enzyme.
Long-term effects on HEK-293 cell line after co-culture with porcine endogenous retrovirus
2005, Transplantation ProceedingsIdentification of differentially expressed genes in murine mesothelioma cell lines of differing tumorigenicity using suppression subtractive hybridization
2004, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease