Abstract
The 129 mouse is the most widely used strain in gene targeting experiments. However, numerous substrains exist with demonstrable physiological differences. In this study a set of simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs) was used to determine the relatedness of selected 129 substrains. 129/SvJ was significantly different from the other 129 substrains and is more accurately classified as a recombinant congenic strain (129cX/Sv), being derived from 129/Sv and an unknown strain. This mixed genetic background could complicate gene targeting experiments by reducing homologous recombination efficiency when constructs and ES cells are not derived from the same 129 substrain. Additionally, discrepancies due to different genetic backgrounds may arise when comparing phenotypes of genes targeted in different 129-derived ES cell lines.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altaian PL, Katz DD (1979) Inbred and genetically defined strains of laboratory animals. Part I: Mouse and rat. (Bethesda, MD: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology)
Asada Y, Varnum DS, Frankel WN, Nadeau JH (1994) A mutation in the Ter gene causing increased susceptibility to testicular teratomas maps to mouse Chromosome 18. Nature Genet 6, 363–368
Collin GB, Asada Y, Varnum DS, Nadeau JH (1996) DNA pooling as a quick method for finding candidate linkages in complex trait analysis: an example involving susceptibility to germ cell tumors. Mamm Genome 7, 68–70
Dietrich WF, Miller J, Steen R, Merchant MA, Damron-Boles D, Husain Z, Dredge R, Daly MJ, Ingalls KA, O’Conner TJ, Evens CA, DeAngelis MM, Levinson DM, Kruglyak L, Goodman N, Copeland NA, Jenkins NA, Hawkins TL, Stein L, Page DC, Lander ES (1996) A comprehensive genetic map of the mouse genome. Nature 380, 149–152
Festing MFW (1996) Origins and characteristics of inbred strains of mice. In Genetic Variants and Strains of the Laboratory Mouse, MF Lyon, S Raston, SDM Brown, eds. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press), pp 1537–1576
Gossler A, Doetschman T, Korn R, Serfling E, Kemler R (1986) Transgenesis by means of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 9065–9069
Hogan B, Beddington R, Costantini F, Lacy E (1994) Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press)
Koller BH, Hagemann LJ, Doetschman T, Hagaman JR, Huang S, Williams PJ, First NL, Maeda N, Smithies O (1989) Germ-line transmission of a planned alteration made in a hypoxanthine phosphoribosylansferase gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86, 8927–8931
McMahon AP, Bradley A (1990) The Wnt-1 (int-1) proto-oncogene is required for development of a large region of the mouse brain. Cell 62, 1073–1085
Miettinen PJ, Berger JE, Meneses J, Phung Y, Pederson RA, Werb Z, Derynck R (1995) Epithelial immaturity and multiorgan failure in mice lacking epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature 376, 337–341
Sakurai T, Katoh H, Moriwaki K, Noguchi T, Noguchi M (1994) The Ter primordial germ cell deficiency mutation maps near Grl-1 on mouse Chromosome 18. Mamm Genome 5, 333–336
Sibilia M, Wagner EF (1995) Strain-dependent epithelial defects in mice lacking the EGF receptor. Science 269, 234–238
Stevens LC (1973) A new inbred subline of mice (129/terSv) with a high incidence of spontaneous congenital testicular teratomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 50, 234–242
Stevens LC, Little CC (1954) Spontaneous testicular teratomas in an inbred strain of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 40, 1080–1087
Stevens LC, Mackensen JA (1961) Genetic and environmental influences on teratocarcinogenesis in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 27, 443–453
Taylor BA, Phillips SJ (1996) Detection of obesity QTLs on mouse chromosomes 1 and 7 by selective DNA pooling. Genomics 34, 389–398
te Riele H, Maandag ER, Berns A (1992) Highly efficient gene targeting in embryonic stem cells through homologous recombination with isogenic DNA constructs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89, 5128–5132
Threadgill DW, Dlugosz AA, Hansen LA, Tennenbaum T, Lichti U, Yee D, LaMantia C, Mourton T, Herrup K, Harris RC, Barnard JA, Yuspa SH, Coffey RJ, Magnuson T (1995) Targeted disruption of mouse EGF receptor: effect of genetic background on mutant phenotype. Science 269, 230–234
Threadgill DW, Matin A, Yee D, Carrasquillo MM, Henry KR, Rollins RG, Nadeau JH, Magnuson T (1997) SSLPs to map genetic differences between the 129 inbred strains and closed-colony, random-bred CD-I mice. Mamm Genome, in press
van Deursen J, Wieringa B (1992) Targeting of the creatine kinase M gene in embryonic stem cells using isogenic and nonisogenic vectors. Nucleic Acids Res 20, 3815–3820
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Threadgill, D.W., Yee, D., Matin, A. et al. Genealogy of the 129 inbred strains: 129/SvJ is a contaminated inbred strain. Mammalian Genome 8, 390–393 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s003359900453
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003359900453