Regular ArticleThe role of Y–encoded genes in mammalian spermatogenesis☆
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Sequencing the mouse y chromosome reveals convergent gene acquisition and amplification on both sex chromosomes
2014, CellCitation Excerpt :The mouse MSY, which does not undergo crossing over with a homolog, is impervious to conventional genetic mapping methods, requiring instead approaches such as deletion mapping. When this study began, most identified genes, including the sex-determining gene Sry, mapped to the short arm (Burgoyne, 1998; Mazeyrat et al., 1998). The long arm was comparatively impenetrable due to its highly repetitive nature (Eicher et al., 1989; Nishioka and Lamothe, 1986; Phillips et al., 1982).
Using mouse models to investigate sex-linked genetic effects on brain, behaviour and vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders
2013, Brain Research BulletinCitation Excerpt :Moreover, due to its small size and limited gene content, the Y chromosome has, until recently, been viewed as having little effect on brain function, so the impetus for attempting to create such models has not existed [77]. In the absence of engineered Y-linked gene knockout models, information about the neural function of these genes may be obtained by undertaking neurobiological analyses in mice with small spontaneous or induced mutations (such as the XY− mouse [128]) or in Y chromosomal mutants, such as those previously used to investigate effects on male spermatogenesis and fertility [19] and lacking brain-expressed Y-linked genes such as Ube1y, Kdm5d (formerly Smcy) and Ddx3y (formerly Dby) [143]. In the next few years, it is likely that rats deleted (or transgenic) for sex-linked genes will be generated [69]; given the greater existing literature on the neurobiology of the rat than the mouse, the greater availability of neuroanalytical techniques for the rat, and the rat's greater amenability to neurosurgery, studies in this new rodent model organism promise to provide even greater insights into the molecular underpinnings of sex-linked behavioural perturbations.
Spermatogenesis in fish
2010, General and Comparative EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :In most teleost fish, however, spermatids do not develop an acrosome. In species with distinct sex chromosomes, spermatogenesis-specific genes have the tendency to accumulate on the male-specific chromosome, for example a number of the structural genes required for the formation of the flagellum are on the mammalian Y chromosome (Burgoyne, 1998). The respective mRNAs are required when the germ cell genome has become inaccessible due to maximal chromatin condensation; also, these genes are not available in the nucleus in those 50% of the cells that received the X chromosome during meiosis.
Hormonal and Nonhormonal Mechanisms of Sexual Differentiation of the Brain
2004, Principles of Gender-Specific MedicineDisrupted sex differentiation and feminization of man and domestic animals
2006, Environmental Research
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