Table 1 Patients clinical features and SPRED1 analysis results
SubjectSPRED1 analysisSexAge bracket (years)weight (kg)Length (cm)Head circumferenceCAL spotsAxillary frecklingInguinal frecklingNeurofibromas, Lisch nodules, optic gliomaOther
(cm)(centile)<1.5 cm>1.5 cm
Family 1
I:2C.190C>TF70–74781475750–9551UnilateralOne lipoma
II:1WTF40–44UUU
II:2C.190C>TM40–449217258.550–9533UnilateralCephalalgia; learning disability
II:4C.190C>TF40–44U16358>9522BilateralOne lipoma; Macrocephaly
III:2C.190C>TM10–146416956.550–9583BilateralBilateralCephalalgia
III:3C.190C>TM5–922115525054Unilateral
Family 2
I:1WTF60–64UUU
I:2c.637C>TM55–59801685750–9525UnilateralUnilateral
II:2c.637C>TM35–3976170545–5054
II:4c.637C>TM30–3478178U104BilateralBilateral
II:6c.637C>TM30–3468172565–5054
II:7c.637C>TF25–2955165555–501110BilateralBilateral
II:8c.637C>TM10–1431150525–5077UnilateralBilateralEpilepsy
III:1c.637C>TM5–919U525–5054UnilateralUnilateralLearning disability
Family 3
I:1WTM40–44901705850–95Body diffuse freckling
I:2c.2T>CF40–4467144535–5045UnilateralCephalalgia
II:3c.2T>CF10–1442146525–501010BilateralBilateralLearning disability: dyslexia, dysgraphia, attention deficit; cephalalgia
II:4c.2T>CM5–923124525–5043Diffuse freckling on face and back; weak speech and language delay
Family 4
I:1c.46C>TM35–3965176555–502
II:2c.46C>TM0–4141065350–9513Monoblastic acute leukaemia; learning disability
Family 5
III:7c.1048_1060delF35–3959165UU1519Diffuse freckling
  • CAL, café-au-lait; F, female; M, male; U, unknown; WT, wild type for SPRED1 mutational analysis; –, negative.

  • No SPRED1 deletion was found using real-time PCR based gene dosage in any of the patients tested.</p>