Table 1 Functions of copper-dependent enzymes
EnzymeFunctionConsequences of deficiency
CaeruloplasminIron and copper transportDecreased circulating copper levels, iron deficiency
Cytochrome C oxidaseMitochondrial respirationHypothermia, muscle weakness
Dopamine β-hydroxylaseCatecholamine productionHypothermia, neurological defects
Lysyl oxidaseConnective tissue formationLaxity of skin and joints
Peptidylglycine α-amidating mono-oxygenasePeptide amidationNeuroendocrine defects
Superoxide dismutaseAntioxidant defenceDiminished protection against oxidative stress
TyrosinasePigment formationHypopigmentation of hair and skin