Demographic characteristics of subjects according to ACE I/D genotype
| ACE genotype | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| II (n = 1156) | ID (n = 2657) | DD (n = 1508) | |
| Continuous values are mean (SD). ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; I/D, insertion/deletion; HDL, high density lipoprotein; BP, blood pressure; IMT, intima media thickness | |||
| *Hypertension, defined as SBP⩾160 mm Hg or DBP⩾95 mm Hg or medication use | |||
| †p<0.05 compared with II genotype | |||
| Men (%) | 41.70 | 40.80 | 39.66 |
| Age (years) | 68.03 (8.53) | 69.08 (8.67)† | 69.25 (8.89)† |
| Body mass index | 26.39 (3.82) | 26.22 (3.65) | 26.31 (3.63) |
| Current smokers (%) | 22.88 | 23.60 | 20.82 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.62 (1.28) | 6.66 (1.17) | 6.61 (1.21) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.34 (0.35) | 1.35 (0.35) | 1.35 (0.37) |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 137.67 (21.61) | 139.09 (22.66) | 140.01 (22.84)† |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 73.48 (11.64) | 73.53 (11.63) | 73.73 (11.29) |
| Hypertension (%)* | 31.78 | 36.03† | 35.05 |
| Common carotid IMT (mm×10−1) | 7.88 (1.53) | 7.99 (1.59) | 8.03 (1.59)† |
| No. of carotid plaques ⩾3 (%) | 20.90 | 23.58 | 23.75 |