Table 2

Effects of the Val227Ala polymorphism of the PPARα gene on the serum lipid and glucose levels and BMI

	Genotype	Total subjects		p	Men		p	Women		p	Women (<45 y)		p
Values shown are mean (SD).
p value for lipid levels was calculated by multiple linear regression analyses incorporating age and BMI as covariates.
p value for fasting glucose levels and BMI was calculated by multiple linear regression analysis incorporating age as a covariate.
For multiple linear regression analysis of total subjects, sex was also incorporated as a covariate.
*Statistical tests for triglyceride levels were calculated on log transformed values.
Statistically significant p values are shown in bold.
Numbers of subjects are shown in square brackets. BMI=body mass index.
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	VV	200.7 (34.2)	[362]	0.033	196.7 (33.5)	[191]	0.30	205.2 (34.5)	[171]	0.046	190.7 (29.0)	[83]	0.023
	AA+AV	185.3 (30.6)	[39]		181.6 (25.0)	[16]		188.0 (34.3)	[23]		170.1 (22.3)	[12]

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	VV	53.6 (16.2)	[362]	0.58	46.7 (13.2)	[191]	0.17	61.2 (15.8)	[171]	0.66	64.1 (15.6)	[83]	0.96
	AA+AV	55.6 (15.5)	[39]		43.5 (12.4)	[16]		64.0 (11.3)	[23]		65.4 (9.3)	[12]

Triglycerides (mg/dl)*	VV	107.6 (62.9)	[362]	0.26	122.3 (63.9)	[191]	0.54	91.1 (57.6)	[171]	0.038	79.3 (60.8)	[83]	0.055
	AA+AV	85.8 (50.7)	[39]		114.0 (62.5)	[16]		66.2 (28.2)	[23]		52.8 (16.1)	[12]

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	VV	125.6 (31.8)	[362]	0.10	125.5 (32.0)	[191]	0.55	125.8 (31.7)	[171]	0.066	110.8 (26.9)	[83]	0.054
	AA+AV	112.6 (31.2)	[39]		115.2 (29.2)	[16]		110.7 (33.0)	[23]		94.2 (18.7)	[12]

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	VV	92.4 (7.4)	[362]	0.083	92.8 (7.5)	[191]	0.27	92.0 (7.3)	[171]	0.15	91.4 (7.6)	[83]	0.031
	AA+AV	89.7 (9.6)	[39]		90.4 (9.0)	[16]		89.3 (10.2)	[23]		86.1 (7.1)	[12]

BMI (kg/m²)	VV	22.6 (3.0)	[362]	0.18	22.8 (2.5)	[191]	0.13	22.4 (3.4)	[171]	0.48	21.6 (3.8)	[83]	0.30
	AA+AV	21.8 (2.6)	[39]		21.8 (2.4)	[16]		21.8 (2.9)	[23]		20.6 (1.6)	[12]