BRCA1
| 17q21, DNA RP*, guardian of genome integrity292,293 |
BRCA2
| 13q12-13, DNA RP, guardian of genome integrity294,295 |
Tp53
| 17p13.1, DNA RP, protection against replication of damaged DNA296–298 |
ATM
| 11q22-23, DNA RP, sensor in cellular response to DNA double strand breaks299,300 |
PTEN
| 10q23.3, TSG†, suppresses cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis301 |
LKB1
| 19p13.3, serine/threonine kinase, otherwise unknown function |
HRAS1
| 11p15, proto-oncogene, control of cell growth and differentiation302 |
NAT1
| 8p22, MP‡, detoxification of arylamines17,139,303,304 |
NAT2
| 8p22, MP, detoxification of arylamines17,139,303,304 |
GSTM1
| 1p13.3, MP, detoxification of a wide range of xenobiotics, including environmental carcinogens, chemotherapeutic agents, and reactive oxygen species305–307 |
GSTP1
| 11q13, MP, detoxification of numerous chemicals including chemotherapy agents and catechol oestrogens170,179,308 |
GSTT1
| 11q, MP, detoxification of a wide range of xenobiotics, including environmental carcinogens, chemotherapeutic agents, and reactive oxygen species17,305,307 |
CYP1A1
| 15q, MP, EP§, metabolism of oestrogens and PAHs17,185,309 |
CYP1B1
| 2p21, MP, metabolism of PAHs194,310 |
CYP2D6
| 22q11-ter, MP, metabolism of many commonly prescribed drugs, including debrisoquine and codeine17,311 |
CYP17
| 10q24.3, EP, balance of oestrogens, progesterones, and androgens114,212 |
CYP19
| 11q21.1, EP, catalysing the conversion of androgens into oestrogens, determines the local oestrogen level312–314 |
ER
| 6q25.1, EP, binding and transfer of oestrogens to the nuclei, ER modulates transcription of a number of growth factors (IGF-1, TGFα)315–317 |
PR
| 11q22-23, EP318 |
AR
| Xq11-12, EP |
COMT
| 22q11.2, EP, conjugation and inactivation of catechol oestrogens319–322 |
UGT1A1
| 2q37, MP, EP, phase II drugs metabolism and maintain intracellular steady state levels of oestrogen323–325 |
TNFα
| 6p21, IP¶, central mediator in the inflammatory response and immunological activities to tumour cells265–267 |
HSP70
| 6p21, molecular chaperones, regulation of structure, subcellular localisation, and turnover of cell proteins271,326 |
HFE
| 6p21, IMP** |
TFR
| 3q, IMP327 |
VDR
| 12q, cell differentiation328–330 |
APC
| 5q22, inhibits the progression of cells from G1 to S phase, apoptosis, cell-cell interactions331 |
APOE
| 19q13.2, lipid metabolism332 |
CYP2E1
| 10q24.3-ter, MP, metabolism of acetone, ethyl glycol, and ethanol17,333 |
EDH17B2
| 17q12-21, EP, catalyses the reaction between oestrone and oestradiol334,335 |
HER2
| 17q21, proto-oncogene, control of cell growth and proliferation336,337 |
TβR-I
| 9q33-34, cell growth308 |