Aberrantly methylated genes in cancer
| Function | Genes | References (examples) | |
| Apoptosis | Death associated protein kinase (DAP kinase, 9q34), | 254–257 | |
| Caspase 8 (CASP8, 2q33-34), | 258 | ||
| Target of methylation induced silencing (TMS1, 16p11.2-12.1) | 183, 259 | ||
| Angiogenesis | Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1, 15q15) | 260 | |
| Cell cycle | Retinoblastoma (RB, 13q14) | 261–264 | |
| p14ARF (9p21) | 265–267 | ||
| Cyclin dependent kinase 2A (CDKN2A, 9p21) | 268–272 | ||
| Cyclin dependent kinase 2B (CDKN2B, 9p21), | 243,273–275 | ||
| p27/KIP1 (12p13), | 276 | ||
| p73 (TP73, 1p36) | 277 | ||
| 14-3-3ς (stratifin, SFN, 1p) | 185, 187, 188 | ||
| Differentiation | Myogenic differentiation antigen-1 (MYOD, 11p15.4) | 278 | |
| Paired box gene 6 (PAX6, 11p13) | 279 | ||
| Retinoic acid receptor (RARβ2, 3p24) | 280–284 | ||
| Wilms tumour 1 (WT1, 11p13) | 285 | ||
| DNA repair | hMLH1(3p23-p21.3) | 91,186,189–191, 194, 195 | |
| O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT, 10q26) | 286–292 | ||
| Metastasis/invasion | E-cadherin (CDH1, 16q22.1) | 219, 293–298 | |
| Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) | 299 | ||
| Maspin (protease inhibitor 5, PI5, 18q21.3) | 300 | ||
| Drug resistance/ detoxification | Glutathione S-transferase π (GSTP1,11q13) | 301, 302 | |
| Multi-drug resistance 1 (MDR1, 7q21.1) | 303 | ||
| Signal transduction | Adenomatous polyposis of the colon (APC, 5q21-22) | 304 | |
| PTEN (10q23.3) | 305, 306 | ||
| Androgen receptor (AR, Xq11-12) | 307 | ||
| Oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1, 6q25.1) | 308–310 | ||
| Ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1A, 3p21.3) | 204 | ||
| Serine/threonine protein kinase 11 (STK11 orLKB1,19p13.3) | 311 | ||
| Transcription/ transcription factors | Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL, 3p26-p25) | 176, 312 | |
| Hypermethylated in cancer (HIC-1, 17p13.3) | 313, 314 | ||
| Breast cancer, type 1 (BRCA1, 17q21) | 177, 315–317 | ||
| Other | CD44 antigen (CD44, 11pter-p13) | 318 | |
| Cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX2, 1q25.2-25.3) | 319 | ||
| Calcium channel, voltage dependent, T type, alpha-1G subunit (CACNA1G, 17q22) | 320 | ||
| Calcitonin (CALCA, 11p15.2-15.1) | 321–325 | ||
| Fragile histidine triad gene (FHIT, 3p14.2) | 326 | ||
| Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT, 5p15.33) | 327, 328 | ||
| Transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and follistatin domains (TPEF, 2q33) | 329 | ||
| Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 2 (CSPG2, 5q12-14) | 330 | ||