Histological evaluation | IHG8 Azoospermia Maturation arrest complete | IHG22 Azoospermia Maturation arrest complete | IHG18 Azoospermia Maturation arrest incomplete | IHG67 Severe oligospermia Maturation arrest incomplete | IHG82 Azoospermia Hypospermatogenesis | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | ||||||||||
Evaluation of seminiferous tubules | |||||||||||||||||||
Thinning of the germinal epithelium (proportional hypoplasia of all germ cells) | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | |||||||||
Peritubular fibrosis | + | + | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | |||||||||
Tubular hyalinosis (hyalinisation) | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |||||||||
Thickening of the basal membrane | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | |||||||||
Change in tubule diameter | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |||||||||
Evaluation of the germinal epithelium | |||||||||||||||||||
Spermatogonia | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | N | N | ↓ | N | |||||||||
Spermatocytes 1st order | ↓ | ↓ | Single | Few | ↓ | ↓ | N | N | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||||
Spermatocytes 2nd order | − | − | − | − | Single | Single | Single | Single | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||||
Spermatides | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||||
Sperm cells | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||||
Sertoli cells | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |||||||||
Evaluation of the interstitial tissue | |||||||||||||||||||
Leydig cells | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |||||||||
Inflammatory infiltrates | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |||||||||
Fibrosis | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |||||||||
Evaluation of extension of the lesions | |||||||||||||||||||
Focal | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Diffused (generalised) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
+ presence, − absence, N = normal appearance, ↓ = decrease in number or size, L = left, R = right testis. Patient IHG120 had azoospermia but no histological evaluation of the testis.