Genes reported to act as low penetrance susceptibility loci
| Class/locus | Cancer1-150 | Putative mechanism | Reference |
| Metabolic polymorphisms | |||
| CYP1A1 | Lung, breast, colorectal, uterine, BCC | Altered metabolism (procarcinogen activation: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) | 8 9 |
| CYP1A2 | Bladder, colorectal | Altered metabolism (procarcinogen activation: nitrosamies and arylamines) | 9 |
| CYP2D6 | Lung, liver | Altered metabolism (procarcinogen activation: nitrosamines) | 8 9 10 |
| GSTM1 | Lung, bladder, breast, gastric, colon, head and neck, uterine | Altered metabolism (carcinogen detoxification: electrophilic compounds) | 8 9 11 |
| GSTT1 | Colorectal, larynx, BCC, brain | Altered metabolism (carcinogen: electrophilic compounds) | 9 |
| NAT2 | Bladder, colon, liver | Altered metabolism (carcinogen detoxification: aromatic amines, hydazines) | 8 9 |
| Androgen receptor | Prostate | Altered metabolism (testosterone and dihyrotestosterone transactivation) | 12 13 |
| MTHFR | Colorectal, uterine | Methylation status | 14 15 16 |
| Tumour suppressor genes | |||
| APC-I1307K | Colorectal | Hypermutability | 17 18 19 |
| DNA repair genes | |||
| ATM | Breast | Genomic instability | 20 21 22 |
| Proto-oncogene polymorphisms | |||
| H-ras-VNTR | Colorectal, breast, lung, bladder, leukaemia | Altered transcription/linkage disequilibrium | 23 |
↵1-150 Strongest associations in bold.