Study | Ref | Location | Period | Race1-150 | Cat1-151 | Index (SE) Mat age < 35 | Index (SE) Mat age >= 35 | Index (SE) All mat ages | J-S est1-152 | Notes1-153 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carter & MacCarthy, 1951 | 25 | London, UK | 1943-1949 | EU | HB | 0.65 (0.11) | 0.85 (0.11) | 0.76 (0.08) | 0.80 | |
Collman & Stoller, 1962 | 26 | Victoria, Aus | 1942-1957 | EU | PB | 0.82 (0.04) | 0.71 (0.03) | 0.76 (0.02) | 0.76 | |
Halevi, 1967 | 27 | Israel | 1959-1960 | JW | PB | 0.63 (0.09) | 0.56 (0.09) | 0.59 (0.06) | - | |
Sever et al, 1970 | 28 | USA | 1958-1965 | AF | OT | 0.67 (0.19) | 1.41 (0.35) | 0.96 (0.18) | 0.98 | 1 |
Severet al, 1970 | 28 | USA | 1958-1965 | EU | OT | 1.26 (0.27) | 0.57 (0.21) | 0.97 (0.18) | 0.98 | 1 |
Uchida,1970 | 29 | Manitoba | 1960-1967 | EU | PB | 0.58 (0.04) | - | 2 | ||
Jacobs et al, 1974 | 22 | Edinburgh | 1967-1972 | EU | CL | 0.84 (0.20) | 0.74 (0.25) | 0.80 (0.15) | 0.92 | 3 |
Hamerton et al, 1975 | 23 | Winnipeg | 1970-1973 | EU | CL | 3 | ||||
Christianson, 1976 | 30 | Oakland, CA | 1959-1967 | MX | HB | 1.06 (0.27) | 1.17 (0.25) | 1.12 (0.18) | 1.00 | |
Mikkelsen et al, 1976 | 31 | Copenhagen | 1960-1971 | EU | PB | 1.01 (0.08) | 0.80 (0.10) | 0.94 (0.06) | 0.95 | |
Coffey & McCormick, 1977 | 32 | E Ireland | 1974-1975 | EU | PB | 1.20 (0.16) | 1.05 | 4 | ||
Hook & Chambers, 1977 | 11 | NYS excl NYC | 1963-1974 | EU | OT | 0.96 (0.04) | 0.93 (0.05) | 0.95 (0.03) | 0.95 | 5 |
Stark & White, 1977 | 33 | Lower Michigan | 1950-1964 | EU | OT | 0.57 (0.02) | 0.56 (0.02) | 0.56 (0.01) | - | 5 |
Stark & White, 1977 | 33 | Lower Michigan | 1950-1964 | AF | OT | 0.54 (0.05) | 0.40 (0.05) | 0.48 (0.03) | - | 5 |
Hook & Fabia, 1978 | 13 | Mass, USA | 1958-1965 | EU | PB | 0.88 (0.04) | 0.85 (0.03) | 0.86 (0.03) | 0.87 | |
Hook & Harlap, 1979 | 4 | W Jerusalem | 1964-1975 | JN | PB | 1.25 (0.19) | 1.29 (0.17) | 1.27 (0.13) | 1.15 | |
Hook & Harlap, 1979 | 4 | W Jerusalem | 1964-1975 | JE | PB | 0.94 (0.21) | 0.69 (0.19) | 0.83 (0.14) | 0.91 | |
Mulcahy, 1979 | 34 | W Australia | 1966-1976 | EU | PB | 0.84 (0.07) | 1.02 (0.11) | 0.90 (0.06) | 0.91 | |
Young et al, 1980 | 35 | S Wales | 1968-1976 | EU | PB | 1.14 (0.17) | 1.22 (0.24) | 1.17 (0.14) | 1.07 | |
Seebachet al, 1981 | 36 | Valparaiso, Chile | 1973-1977 | MX | HB | 0.93 (0.23) | 0.77 (0.22) | 0.86 (0.16) | 0.94 | 6 |
Adeyokunnu, 1982 | 37 | Ibadan, Nigeria | 1972-1980 | AF | HB | 0.99 (0.21) | 0.98 | 4 | ||
Mikkelsen et al, 1983 | 38 | Denmark | 1979-1980 | EU | PB | 0.86 (0.10) | 1.15 (0.19) | 0.88 (0.10) | 0.90 | 4 |
Leisti et al, 1985 | 39 | N Finland | 1965-1979 | EU | PB | 0.94 (0.09) | 0.98 (0.09) | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.96 | |
Iselius & Lindsten, 1986 | 14 | Sweden | 1968-1982 | EU | PB | 1.02 (0.03) | 1.00 (0.04) | 1.01 (0.02) | 1.01 | |
Radic, 1986 | 40 | E Ireland | 1979-1983 | EU | PB | 0.97 (0.10) | 0.95 (0.10) | 0.96 (0.07) | 0.96 | |
Baird & Sadovnick, 1988 | 41 | Br Columbia | 1964-1983 | EU | PB | 0.93 (0.04) | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.94 (0.03) | 0.94 | |
Boo et al, 1989 | 42 | Kuala Lumpur | 1986-1987 | ML | HB | 0.37 (0.14) | 0.86 (0.22) | 0.60 (0.13) | 0.77 | |
Knox & Lancashire, 1991 | 43 | Birmingham, UK | 1964-1984 | EU | PB | 1.02 (0.07) | 1.01 | 7 | ||
Knox & Lancashire, 1991 | 43 | Birmingham, UK | 1964-1984 | AI | PB | 1.22 (0.17) | 1.04 | 7 | ||
Knox & Lancashire, 1991 | 43 | Birmingham, UK | 1964-1984 | AF | PB | 1.00 (0.22) | 0.98 | 7 | ||
Koulischer et al, 1991 | 44 | S Belgium | 1971-1990 | EU | HB | 0.96 (0.05) | 1.05 (0.07) | 0.99 (0.04) | 0.99 | 8 |
Nazeret al, 1991 | 45 | Chile | 1977-1989 | MX | HB | 1.27 (0.18) | 0.95 (0.16) | 1.12 (0.12) | 1.06 | 6 |
Staples et al, 1991 | 46 | S Australia | 1965-1989 | EU | PB | 0.93 (0.05) | 0.93 (0.07) | 0.93 (0.04) | 0.93 | |
Wilsonet al, 1992 | 5 | Los Angeles | 1974-1988 | LA | HB | 1.26 (0.09) | 1.37 (0.12) | 1.30 (0.07) | 1.26 | |
Wilson et al, 1992 | 5 | Los Angeles | 1974-1988 | AE | HB | 0.87 (0.19) | 0.71 (0.24) | 0.81 (0.15) | 0.91 | |
Carothers, 1994 | 47 | Scotland | 1989-1990 | EU | PB | 0.87 (0.09) | 1.07 (0.14) | 0.93 (0.08) | 0.94 | |
Ligutic et al, 1994 | 48 | Croatia, 3 cities | 1983-1988 | EU | PB | 1.77 (0.26) | 0.98 | 7 | ||
Little et al, 1995 | 49 | Dallas, TX | 1980-1989 | AF | HB | 0.37 (0.10) | 0.40 (0.23) | 0.38 (0.10) | - | |
Little et al, 1995 | 49 | Dallas, TX | 1980-1989 | LA | HB | 0.62 (0.14) | 1.17 (0.37) | 0.73 (0.13) | 0.84 | |
Littleet al, 1995 | 49 | Dallas, TX | 1980-1989 | EU | HB | 0.81 (0.19) | 2.32 (0.65) | 1.09 (0.19) | 0.99 | |
Lopez et al, 1995 | 50 | Glasgow, UK | 1980-1990 | EU | PB | 0.99 (0.09) | 0.99 | 7 | ||
Bishop et al, 1997 | 6 | California | 1990-1991 | AM | PB | 0.79 (0.16) | 1.00 (0.14) | 0.91 (0.10) | 0.93 | |
Bishopet al, 1997 | 6 | California | 1990-1991 | AF | PB | 0.89 (0.16) | 1.14 (0.22) | 0.98 (0.13) | 0.98 | |
Bishop et al, 1997 | 6 | California | 1990-1991 | LA | PB | 1.23 (0.08) | 1.13 (0.09) | 1.19 (0.06) | 1.17 | |
Bishopet al, 1997 | 6 | California | 1990-1991 | EU | PB | 0.85 (0.08) | 1.09 (0.08) | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.97 | |
Huether et al, 1998 | 51 | Atlanta | 1970-1989 | EU | PB | 0.93 (0.06) | 0.88 (0.08) | 0.92 (0.05) | 0.92 | |
Huetheret al, 1998 | 51 | Atlanta | 1970-1989 | AF | PB | 0.96 (0.08) | 0.81 (0.11) | 0.92 (0.06) | 0.93 | 9 |
Huether et al, 1998 | 51 | SW Ohio | 1970-1989 | EU | PB | 1.00 (0.05) | 1.12 (0.08) | 1.03 (0.04) | 1.03 | |
Huetheret al, 1998 | 51 | SW Ohio | 1970-1989 | AF | PB | 0.90 (0.10) | 0.66 (0.13) | 0.84 (0.08) | 0.86 | 9 |
Hook & Lindsjo, 1978 | 52 | Sweden | 1968-1970 | EU | PB | 0.99 (0.06) | 0.90 (0.07) | 0.95 (0.05) | - | 10 |
Trimble & Baird, 1978 | 53 | Br Columbia | 1961-1970 | EU | PB | 0.95 (0.06) | 0.85 (0.06) | 0.91 (0.04) | - | 11 |
Huether et al, 1978 | 12 | Ohio | 1970-1979 | EU | OT | 1.07 (0.05) | 1.15 (0.08) | 1.09 (0.04) | - | 5, 12 |
Unpublished | - | Sweden | 1971-1982 | EU | PB | 1.03 (0.03) | 1.04 (0.04) | 1.03 (0.03) | - | 13 |
↵1-150 Key to Race: AE - mainly a mixture of those of African and of European origin; AF - African origin; AI - Asian (Indian subcontinental origin); AM - Asian (Mongolian origin, ie Chinese, Japanese, Korean etc); EU - European origin; JE - Jewish of European origin; JN - Jewish of non-European origin; JW - Jewish of unspecified origin; LA - Latin-American origin (Mexican or Central American); ML - Malaysian; MX - mixed.
↵1-151 Key to Cat: HB - hospital based; PB - population based; CL - cytogenetic survey of consecutive livebirths; OT - other.
↵1-152 James-Stein estimators based on 43 values (five excluded because of probable underascertainment - see text).
↵1-153 Key to Notes: (1) Original study based on data from the US Perinatal Collaborative Study of births from 1958 to 1966; the reanalysis presented here is of data made available from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program which formed part of the original study. It excluded twin cases and those associated with rubella. (2) Largely based on survey of living cases. (3) Results from Jacobs et al 22 and Hamertonet al 23 have been combined; note that the latter study included some native Americans. (4) Maternal ages of controls not given, hence BINSMA index used. (5) Largely based on birth certificate data. (6) Racial origins not specified, but probably of mainly European descent. (7) Separate maternal age data on prenatal diagnoses not given, hence only the index for the younger maternal age group was computed. (8) Original study supplemented by additional data, as reported in Hecht and Hook.1 (9) Populations described as “non-White”, but in fact >85% Black. (10) Overlaps with Iselius and Lindsten.14 (11) Overlaps with Baird and Sadovnick.41 (12) Overlaps with Huetheret al. 51 (13) Data of Iselius and Lindsten14 after removing those of Hook and Lindsjo.52