Three children with both childhood psychosis and neurofibromatosis are reported from a total population screening of psychotic disorder in childhood that had produced 51 cases born in the years 1962-1976 in the Göteborg region, Sweden. The findings suggest that the simultaneous occurrence of neurofibromatosis and childhood psychosis might be more than a coincidence. Underlying monoaminergic dysfunction is postulated as one possible reason for the finding.