Plasma levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in schizophrenia, other psychoses, and affective disorders
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Minocycline adjunctive treatment to risperidone for negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Association with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels
2018, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, these three pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers. The improvements of negative symptoms being positively correlated with reduced IL-1β and IL-6 serum levels are consistent with other studies (including 3 meta-analysis reports) of pro-inflammatory cytokines serum levels in schizophrenia (Miller et al., 2011; Theodoropoulou et al., 2001; Katila et al., 1994; Potvin et al., 2008; Goldsmith et al., 2016; Meyer et al., 2011; Hein et al., 2010; Hinwood et al., 2012; Wohleb et al., 2011). Furthermore, other cytokines like our finding with TNF-α (and other studies with IL-12, IFN-γ, and sIL-2R) do not normalize following antipsychotic or minocycline treatment (Potvin et al., 2008; Bradley, 2008; Drexhage et al., 2011).
Increased serum levels and promoter polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in schizophrenia
2018, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :However, it remains unclear which genetic and environmental abnormalities are essential in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In recent decades, cytokine imbalances have been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia (Avgustin et al., 2005; Katila et al., 1994; Monji et al., 2009; Muller et al., 1999; Potvin et al., 2008; Schmitt et al., 2005; Schwarz et al., 2001; Watanabe et al., 2010). Cytokines are active in infection and inflammation, and mediate cross-talk between the brain and immune system (Rothwell, 1999).
Effects of interleukin-1beta polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in healthy and psychiatric disease conditions
2017, Cytokine and Growth Factor ReviewsCitation Excerpt :A clinical study reported that patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher plasma levels of IL1B than their corresponding controls did. However, no correlations between plasma levels of IL1B and age, duration of illness, or overt psychopathology were observed [60]. By contrast, another study revealed that the IL1B levels in the CSF and serum of patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those of control individuals [61].
Anti-Inflammatory and Immune-Modulatory Therapeutic Approaches in Major Depression
2016, Systems Neuroscience in DepressionA systematic review of the effect of genes mediating neurodevelopment and neurotransmission on brain morphology: Focus on schizophrenia
2015, Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research