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J Med Genet 2002;39:872-875 doi:10.1136/jmg.39.12.872
  • Review article

Transient neonatal diabetes, a disorder of imprinting

  1. I K Temple1,
  2. J P H Shield2
  1. 1Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Coxford Road, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
  2. 2Department of Child Health, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
  1. Correspondence to:
 Dr I K Temple, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Coxford Road, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK;
 ikt{at}soton.ac.uk

    Abstract

    Transient neonatal diabetes (TND) is a rare but distinct type of diabetes. Classically, neonates present with growth retardation and diabetes in the first week of life. Apparent remission occurs by 3 months but there is a tendency for children to develop diabetes in later life. Evidence suggests it is the result of overexpression of an imprinted and paternally expressed gene/s within the TND critical region at 6q24. Two imprinted genes, ZAC (zinc finger protein associated with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest) and HYMAI (imprinted in hydatidiform mole) have been identified as potential candidates. Three genetic mechanisms have been shown to result in TND, paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 6, paternally inherited duplication of 6q24, and a methylation defect at a CpG island overlapping exon 1 of ZAC/HYMAI.

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