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The G6055A (G2019S) mutation in LRRK2 is frequent in both early and late onset Parkinson’s disease and originates from a common ancestor
  1. S Goldwurm1,*,
  2. A Di Fonzo2,*,
  3. E J Simons5,
  4. C F Rohé5,
  5. M Zini1,
  6. M Canesi1,
  7. S Tesei1,
  8. A Zecchinelli1,
  9. A Antonini1,
  10. C Mariani1,
  11. N Meucci1,
  12. G Sacilotto1,
  13. F Sironi3,
  14. G Salani4,
  15. J Ferreira6,
  16. H F Chien7,
  17. E Fabrizio8,
  18. N Vanacore9,
  19. A Dalla Libera10,
  20. F Stocchi11,
  21. C Diroma12,
  22. P Lamberti12,
  23. C Sampaio6,
  24. G Meco8,
  25. E Barbosa7,
  26. A M Bertoli-Avella5,
  27. G J Breedveld5,
  28. B A Oostra5,
  29. G Pezzoli1,
  30. V Bonifati5
  1. 1Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy
  2. 2Centro Dino Ferrari, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, and Foundation “Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena”, Milan
  3. 3Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan
  4. 4Neuroimmunology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
  5. 5Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  6. 6Neurological Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
  7. 7Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  8. 8Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
  9. 9National Centre of Epidemiology, National Institute for Health, Rome
  10. 10Neurology Division, “Boldrini” Hospital, Thiene, Italy
  11. 11IRCSS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
  12. 12Department of Neurology, University of Bari, Italy
  1. Correspondence to:
 Dr V Bonifati
 Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands; v.bonifatierasmusmc.nl

Abstract

Background: Mutations in the gene Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) were recently identified as the cause of PARK8 linked autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease.

Objective: To study recurrent LRRK2 mutations in a large sample of patients from Italy, including early (<50 years) and late onset familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease.

Results: Among 629 probands, 13 (2.1%) were heterozygous carriers of the G2019S mutation. The mutation frequency was higher among familial (5.1%, 9/177) than among sporadic probands (0.9%, 4/452) (p<0.002), and highest among probands with one affected parent (8.7%, 6/69) (p<0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of the G2019S mutation in probands with early v late onset disease. Among 600 probands, one heterozygous R1441C but no R1441G or Y1699C mutations were detected. None of the four mutations was found in Italian controls. Haplotype analysis in families from five countries suggested that the G2019S mutation originated from a single ancient founder. The G2019S mutation was associated with the classical Parkinson’s disease phenotype and a broad range of onset age (34 to 73 years).

Conclusions: G2019S is the most common genetic determinant of Parkinson’s disease identified so far. It is especially frequent among cases with familial Parkinson’s disease of both early and late onset, but less common among sporadic cases. These findings have important implications for diagnosis and genetic counselling in Parkinson’s disease.

  • LD, linkage disequilibrium
  • SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • mutation
  • founder
  • LRRK2
  • G2019S

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Footnotes

  • * These authors contributed equally to the work.

  • Competing interests: none declared