CYLD Mutations in Familial Skin Appendage Tumors

Sarika Saggar ¹, Karen A Chernoff ¹, Saurabh Lodha ¹, Liran Horev ², Shane Kohl ³, Rachel Honjo ⁴, Hebert Brandt ⁵, Karin Hartman ⁶ and Julide Tok Celebi ^1*

¹ Columbia University, United States
² Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel
³ University of Nebraska, United States
⁴ Instituto da Crianca, Brazil
⁵ Hospital das Clinica of University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
⁶ University of Cologne, Germany

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jt165{at}columbia.edu.

Accepted 12 December 2007

Abstract

Background: Germ-line mutations in CYLD are found in patients with familial skin appendage tumors. The protein product functions as a deubiquitinase enzyme, which negatively regulates NF-kB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) is characterized by cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas, and spiradenomas, whereas in familial cylindromatosis (FC) patients present with cylindromas and in multiple familial trichoepitheliomas (MFT) with trichoepitheliomas as the only skin tumor type. Although described as distinct entities, recent studies suggest that they are within the spectrum of a single entity.

Objective: To investigate the mutation spectrum of CYLD and possible genotype-phenotype correlations.

Methods: Twenty-five families including 13 BSS, 3 FC, and 9 MFT families were examined and evaluated for mutations in the CYLD gene.

Results: In total, 18 mutations in CYLD, including 6 novel mutations, were identified in 25 probands (72%). The mutation frequencies among distinct phenotypes were 85% for BSS, 100% for FC, and 44% for MFT. The majority of the mutations were insertions, deletions or nonsense mutations leading to formation of truncated proteins. All mutations were located between exons 9 to 20, encoding the NEMO binding site and the catalytic domain. Genotype-phenotype analysis failed to reveal a correlation between the types of mutations and their location within the gene and the patients’ phenotypes and disease severity.

Conclusions: This study provides further evidence on the role of CYLD in the pathogenesis of skin appendage tumors characterized by cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas, and/or spiradenomas, but the molecular mechanisms of CYLD in skin tumorigenesis and the reasons for phenotypic variability remain to be explored.

Keywords: CYLD, genodermatosis, hair follicle, mutation, tumor suppressor

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