Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) Gene Variants are Associated with Multiple Sclerosis in Three Distinct Populations

Gudlaug Kristjansdottir ¹, Johanna K. Sandling ¹, Alessandro Bonetti ², Izaura M. Roos ³, Lili Milani ¹, Chuan Wang ¹, Sigrun M. Gustafsdottir ⁴, Snaevar Sigurdsson ¹, Anders Lundmark ¹, Pentti J. Tienari ², Keijo Koivisto ⁵, Irina Elovaara ⁶, Tuula Pirttilä ⁷, Mauri Reunanen ⁸, Leena Peltonen ⁹, Janna Saarela ⁹, Jan Hillert ³, Tomas Olsson ¹⁰, Ulf Landegren ⁴, Antonio Alcina ¹¹, Oscar Fernández ¹², Laura Leyva ¹², Miguel Guerrero ¹³, Miguel Lucas ¹⁴, Guillermo Izquierdo ¹⁵, Fuencisla Matesanz ¹¹ and Ann-Christine Syvänen ^1*

¹ Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
² Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
³ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
⁴ Rudbeck laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
⁵ Central Hospital of Seinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Finland
⁶ Department of Neurology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
⁷ Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
⁸ Department Neurology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
⁹ Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
¹⁰ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
¹¹ Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, Consejo Superior de Inv. Cient&i, Spain
¹² Instituto de Neurociencias Clínicas, Hospital Regional, Universitario Carlos Haya, Mál, Spain
¹³ Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
¹⁴ Servicio de Biología Moleular, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
¹⁵ Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ann-christine.syvanen{at}medsci.uu.se.

Accepted 31 January 2008

Abstract

Background: IRF5 is a transcription factor involved both in the type I interferon and the toll-like receptor signalling pathways. Previously, IRF5 has been found to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Here we investigated whether polymorphisms in the IRF5 gene would be associated with yet another disease with features of autoimmunity, multiple sclerosis.

Materials and methods:We genotyped nine single nucleotide polymorphisms and one insertion-deletion polymorphism in the IRF5 gene in a collection of 2337 patients with MS and 2813 controls from three populations: two case-control cohorts from Spain and Sweden, and a set of MS trio families from Finland.

Results:Two SNPs (rs4728142, rs3807306) and a 5 bp insertion-deletion polymorphism located in the promoter and first intron of the IRF5 gene, showed association signals with p-values <0.001 when the data from all cohorts were combined. The predisposing alleles were present on the same common haplotype in all populations. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays we observed allele-specific differences in protein binding for the SNP rs4728142 and the 5 bp indel, and by a proximity ligation assay we demonstrated increased binding of the transcription factor SP1 to the risk allele of the 5 bp indel.

Conclusion:These findings add IRF5 to the short list of genes shown to be associated with MS in more than one population. Our study adds to the evidence that there might be genes or pathways that are common in multiple autoimmune diseases, and that the type I interferon system is likely to be involved in the development of these diseases.

Keywords: autoimmune disease, genetic association analysis, interferon regulatory factor 5, multiple sclerosis, type I interferon system

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