LETTER TO JMG

Sequence variation in mitochondrial complex I genes: mutation or polymorphism?

A L Mitchell¹, J L Elson¹, N Howell², R W Taylor¹, D M Turnbull¹

¹ Mitochondrial Research Group, School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
² Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

Correspondence to:
Professor D M Turnbull
Mitochondrial Research Group, School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; d.m.turnbull{at}ncl.ac.uk

Background: Defects of the mitochondrial genome are recognised as common causes of genetic disease. Sequencing of large portions or even the entire mitochondrial genome is routine in many laboratories for the investigation of mitochondrial disease. However, establishing whether a detected sequence change is polymorphic or pathogenic is still a major difficulty because of its highly polymorphic nature. This has major implications for the patient and the family.

Objective: To describe a scoring system for determining the likelihood that a given sequence variant in one of the seven mitochondrially encoded complex I (MTND) genes is truly pathogenic.

Results: The scoring system was applied to 50 reported MTND mutations. Using this system, 21 of the mutations analysed fell into the group of neutral sequence variants, 10 were classified as possibly pathogenic, three as probably pathogenic, and 16 as almost certainly pathogenic.

Conclusions: The proposed scoring system should advance the interpretation of sequence variants and ensure that candidate pathogenic mutations are rigorously investigated.

Keywords: mitochondrial DNA; complex I; mutation; polymorphism; pathogenicity

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